Self‐Sacrificial Template Synthesis of a Nitrogen‐Doped Microstructured Carbon Tube as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Zeng, Yachao; Tang, Xuejun; Xu, Dongyan; Fang, Daqing; Huang, He; Shao, Zhigang; Yi, Baolian

doi:10.1002/celc.201801050

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“… 86 E onset = 0.93 V C-PANI-MIL-2 E 1/2 = 0.87 V 0.1 M KOH – – Yang et al. 87 E onset = 1.0 V C-FeHZ8@g-C 3 N 4 -950 E 1/2 = 0.845 V 0.1 M KOH – 80,000 s retain 91.6% Deng et al. 88 E onset = 0.97 V H-Fe-N x -C E 1/2 = 0.92 V 0.1 M KOH – – Yang et al.…”

Section: Applications Of Mof Nanocrystal-derived Hollow Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-organic framework nanocrystal-derived hollow porous materials: Synthetic strategies and emerging applications

et al. 2022

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Section: Applications Of Mof Nanocrystal-derived Hollow Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-organic framework nanocrystal-derived hollow porous materials: Synthetic strategies and emerging applications

et al. 2022

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“…To design catalysts on hollow carbon tubes for fuel cells with nonprecious metal-based microstructures, Yang et al [273] synthesized hollow carbon microtubes doped with nitrogen as carriers to prepare Fe single-atom catalysts by a self-sacrificial template synthesis approach called C-PANI-MIL (Materiaux de l'Institute Lavosier)-SP (second pyrolysis). Figure 11a illustrates the fabrication procedure, in which Fe-MOF nanocrystals are used as the selfsacrifice template.…”

Section: Synthetic Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion

Guo

Yang

et al. 2022

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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Well-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts (or single-atom catalysts) have been widely studied to fundamentally understand their catalytic mechanisms, improve the catalytic efficiency, increase the abundance of active components, enhance the catalyst utilization, and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals. Such single-atom catalysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment. However, freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable, such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions, they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas. Therefore, developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts, including mass-separated soft landing, one-pot pyrolysis, co-precipitation, impregnation, atomic layer deposition, and organometallic complexation, is critically needed. Many types of supporting materials, including polymers, have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques. Herein, we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst, including different synthesis methods, specific metals and carriers, specific catalytic reactions, and their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and protection agents during the fabrication process. The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized, and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms, enhancement of the catalyst loading content, and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications. Graphical Abstract Single-atom catalysts are characterized by high metal dispersibility, weak coordination environments, high catalytic activity and selectivity, and the highest atom utilization. However, due to the free energy of the large surface area, individual atoms are usually unstable and are prone to agglomeration during synthesis and catalytic reactions. Therefore, researchers have developed innovative strategies, such as soft sedimentation, one-pot pyrolysis, coprecipitation, impregnation, step reduction, atomic layer precipitation, and organometallic complexation, to stabilize single-atom catalysts in practical applications. This article summarizes the stabilization strategies for single-atom catalysts from the aspects of their synthesis methods, metal and support types, catalytic reaction types, and its advantages and disadvantages. The focus is on the application of polymers in the preparation and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including metal single-atom carriers, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and the role of polymers as protection agents in the manufacturing process. The main feature of polymers and polymer-derived materials is that they usually contain abundant heteroatoms, such as N, that possess lone-pair electrons. These lone-pair electrons can anchor the single metal atom through strong coordination interactions. The coordination environment of the lone-pair electrons can facilitate the formation of single-atom catalysts because they can enlarge the average distance of a single precursor adsorbed on the polymer matrix. Polymers with nitrogen groups are favorable candidates for dispersing active single atoms by weakening the tendency of metal aggregation and redistributing the charge densities around single atoms to enhance the catalytic performance. This review provides a summary and analysis of the current technical challenges faced by single-atom catalysts and future research directions, such as the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts, sufficiently high loading, and large-scale implementation.

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“…Yi et al reported a self-sacrificial template synthesis of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon microtubes as an ORR electrocatalyst [ 127 ]. Polyaniline was deposited on Fe-MIL (Materials of Institut Lavoisier (MOF class)) nanocrystals, and subsequent two-step pyrolysis yielded microstructured carbon tubes with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles encapsulated inside their walls.…”

Section: Mof-based Orr Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Performance of MOF-Based Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen is widely regarded as a prime energy carrier for bridging the gap between renewable energy supply and demand. As the energy-generating component of the hydrogen cycle, affordable and reliable fuel cells are of key importance to the growth of the hydrogen economy. However, the use of scarce and costly Pt as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains an issue to be addressed, and in this regard, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are viewed as promising non-noble alternatives because of their self-assembly capability and tunable properties. Herein, recent (2018–2020) works on MOF-based electrocatalysts containing N-doped C, Mn, Fe, Co, multiple metals, and multiple sites are reviewed and summarized with a focus on ORR activity, and the principal physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of these catalysts realized using rotating electrodes are compared.

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Self‐Sacrificial Template Synthesis of a Nitrogen‐Doped Microstructured Carbon Tube as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

Metal-organic framework nanocrystal-derived hollow porous materials: Synthetic strategies and emerging applications

Metal-organic framework nanocrystal-derived hollow porous materials: Synthetic strategies and emerging applications

Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion

Synthesis and Performance of MOF-Based Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review

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