Self Responses along Cingulate Cortex Reveal Quantitative Neural Phenotype for High-Functioning Autism

Chiu, Pearl H.; Kayali, M. Amin; Kishida, Kenneth T.; Tomlin, Damon; Klinger, Laura Grofer; Klinger, Mark R.; Montague, P. Read

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.020

Cited by 181 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a family of neurodevelopmental disorders with a wide range of sensory and socio-emotional deficits (Chiu, et al, 2008; Dinstein, et al, 2012; Happe, et al, 2006). Empathy, the ability to vicariously share feelings of others, is an important social-emotional faculty (Gu, et al, 2010; Moriguchi, et al, 2007) and is compromised in individuals with ASD (Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic and brain responses associated with empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder

Eilam‐Stock

Zhou

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

110

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Accumulating evidence suggests that autonomic signals and their cortical representations are closely linked to emotional processes, and that related abnormalities could lead to social deficits. Although socio-emotional impairments are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), empirical evidence directly supporting the link between autonomic, cortical, and socio-emotional abnormalities in ASD is still lacking. In this study, we examined autonomic arousal indexed by skin conductance responses (SCR), concurrent cortical responses measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and effective brain connectivity estimated by dynamic causal modeling, in seventeen un-medicated high-functioning adults with ASD and seventeen matched controls, while they performed an empathy-for-pain task. Compared to controls, adults with ASD showed enhanced SCR related to empathetic pain, along with increased neural activity in the anterior insular cortex, although their behavioral empathetic pain discriminability was reduced and overall SCR was decreased. ASD individuals also showed enhanced correlation between SCR and neural activities in the anterior insula. Importantly, significant group differences in effective brain connectivity were limited to greater reduction in the negative intrinsic connectivity of the anterior insular cortex in the ASD group, indicating a failure in attenuating anterior insular responses to empathetic pain. These results suggest that aberrant interoceptive precision, as indexed by abnormalities in autonomic activity and its central representations, may underlie empathy deficits in ASD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic and brain responses associated with empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder

Eilam‐Stock

Zhou

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

110

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“…Many prior studies used tasks in which subjects only observed social interactions but did not themselves engage in social interactions (17). Recently, several studies investigated social cognition in ASD while subjects were actually playing economic games with a human player (19)(20)(21). However, these studies found that the behavior of people with ASD during prisoner's dilemma games (20,21) and trust games (19) was largely normal, and abnormalities only became apparent when analyzing neuroimaging data collected during the tasks (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several studies investigated social cognition in ASD while subjects were actually playing economic games with a human player (19)(20)(21). However, these studies found that the behavior of people with ASD during prisoner's dilemma games (20,21) and trust games (19) was largely normal, and abnormalities only became apparent when analyzing neuroimaging data collected during the tasks (19). One recent study (22) found behavioral evidence that ASD may feature impairments in a metacognitive ability to recursively represent other's beliefs about one's own beliefs; however, in that study participants interacted with a complex computer strategy rather than with another person, leaving it unclear to what extent a specific deficit in social cognition might account for the findings.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The importance of testing reputation-based effects on social behavior in ASD is twofold: it may shed light on the specific processes that account for real-life social impairments in ASD; and it may provide a neuropsychiatric dissociation demonstrating the modularity of reputation-based processing in social behavior. It has been previously suggested that reputation-based effects could provide a sensitive measure of impaired social cognition in ASD (23) based on the findings of a neuroimaging study with high-functioning ASD (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insensitivity to social reputation in autism

Izuma

Matsumoto

Camerer

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

164

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People act more prosocially when they know they are watched by others, an everyday observation borne out by studies from behavioral economics, social psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. This effect is thought to be mediated by the incentive to improve one's social reputation, a specific and possibly uniquely human motivation that depends on our ability to represent what other people think of us. Here we tested the hypothesis that social reputation effects are selectively impaired in autism, a developmental disorder characterized in part by impairments in reciprocal social interactions but whose underlying cognitive causes remain elusive. When asked to make real charitable donations in the presence or absence of an observer, matched healthy controls donated significantly more in the observer's presence than absence, replicating prior work. By contrast, people with high-functioning autism were not influenced by the presence of an observer at all in this task. However, both groups performed significantly better on a continuous performance task in the presence of an observer, suggesting intact general social facilitation in autism. The results argue that people with autism lack the ability to take into consideration what others think of them and provide further support for specialized neural systems mediating the effects of social reputation.Asperger syndrome | audience effect | dictator game C oncern for our own reputation affects how we behave in social situations. Our actions are strongly influenced by our belief that they may be seen and evaluated by others. Not only do people care about their reputation, but they also often try to manipulate what other people think of them through self-presentation or impression management (1), topics with a long history in social psychology. It is well known that subjects tend to behave in a more egoistic manner under guaranteed anonymity, whereas less anonymous situations increase prosocial behaviors (e.g., giving some benefit to others, adhering to a public standard or to social norms) (2). Prosocial behaviors can be elicited not only by the presence of real observers (3-5) but also by surprisingly subtle cues associated with being watched by others (6, 7), pointing to the powerfully automatic nature of reputationbased processing. Although altruistic behaviors toward nonkin may be present even in nonhuman primates (8), it is likely that only human altruistic behavior is affected by the presence of an independent third party (9). Representing our reputation involves thinking about what others think of us and thus requires some level of metarepresentation (10). The link between prosocial behaviors and reputation is also emphasized by theoretical and empirical considerations of how altruism might have evolved through indirect reciprocity (11,12). Thus, reputation may be a unique and important aspect of our species that incentivizes self-interested individuals to conform to social norms.Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders with an estim...

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“…(iii) Electro/psychophysiological endophenotypes: abnormal patterns of cortical auditory activation [4043], reduced auditory evoked potentials and patterns of crossmodal (light and sound) association [44], centroparietal and temporal EEG related with autistic behaviours and intellectual impairment [45], reduced cingulate self-response in a visual imagery task, when playing with a human partner [46]; (iv) Biochemical/endocrine endophenotypes: hyperserotoninemia [4749], oligopeptiduria [50], urinary dopamine and HVA levels [51], decreased plasma fatty acids [52], decreased melatonin plasma levels [53]; (v) Neuroanatomical/morphological endophenotypes: macrocephaly, macrosomy, minor physical anomalies [5457].…”

Section: Endophenotypes In Autism Genetic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%