The word count of the manuscript and abstract are 3404 and 247. Abstract 2 Background: Sleep duration affects health in various way. The objective of this study 3 was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration, daytime napping and kidney 4 function in a middle-aged apparently healthy Chinese population.5Methods: According to self-reported total sleep and daytime napping duration, 33,850 6 participants aged 38 to 90 years old from 8 regional centers were divided into subgroups. 7 Height, weight, waistline, hipline, blood pressure, biochemical index, FBG, PBG, 8 HbA1c, creatinine and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured and 9 recorded in each subject. Microalbuminuria was defined as UACR>=30 mg/g, CKD 10 was defined as eGFR<60 ml/min and hyperfiltration was defined as eGFR>=135 11 ml/min. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to investigate associations between 12 sleep and kidney function.
13Results: Compared to participants with [7-8]h/day sleep, ORs of >9 h/day, (8, 9]h/day 14 and <6h/day sleep for microalbuminuria were 1.317 (1.200-1.446, p<0.001), 1.215 15 (1.123-1.315, p<0.001) and 1.218 (0.967-1.534, p=0.094). eGFR levels were U-shaped 16 associated with sleep duration among subjects with >=90ml/min eGFR, and N-shaped 17 associated with sleep duration among subjects with <90ml/min eGFR. OR of >9h/day 18 sleep for hyperfiltration was 1.400 (1.123-1.745, p=0.003) among eGFR>=90 ml/min 19 participants. Daytime napping had a negative effect on renal health. Compared to 20 participants did not have napping habit, the ORs of (0,1]h/day, (1,1.5]h/day and 21 >1.5h/day daytime napping for microalbuminuria were 1.477 (1.370-1.591, p<0.001), 22 1.217 (1.056, 1.403, p=0.007) and 1.447 (1.242, 1.687, p<0.001). 23 Conclusions: Total sleep duration are U-shaped associated with renal health outcomes. 24 Daytime napping had a negative effect on renal health. 25 42reported inappropriate sleep duration contributes to glomerular hyperfiltration 13,26-28 . 43 This difference in outcomes can be attributed not only to differences in race, age, social 44 work stress, health and economic status of the participants, but also to the fact that in 45 the progression of CKD, healthy individuals tend to have glomerular hyperfiltration 46 initially, followed by increased risk for renal injury, leading to a decrease in filtration 47 Study subjects: A total of 33,850 participants from 8 regional centers include in the 57 REACTION (Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals a 58 LONgitudinal) study, in which are Dalian, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Lanzhou, Luzhou, 59 Wuhan, Guangxi, and Shanghai. Excluded participants with primary kidney diseases, 60 daily ACEI/ARB medicine use, and those with a fallacious self-reported sleep duration 61 (<4 h or >12 h).62 Questionnaire: A standardized questionnaire was used to collect basic information 63 including medical history, physical exercise, and smoking and drinking habits. Self-64 reported sleep duration and daytime napping time were ascertained...