Self-reported psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal: findings from an online survey

Gautam, Kamal; Adhikari, Ramesh P.; Gupta, Aman; Shrestha, Rajan; Koirala, Pitambar; Koirala, Soniya

doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00497-z

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As the results indicated, the current pandemic has imposed significant psychological effects on pregnant women and nearly two-thirds of participants reported severe psychological distress (IES-R score ≥37). This finding was higher compared with the results of previous studies conducted in Italy 37 and Nepal 38 and lower than the finding of a study done in Spain. 39 The discrepancy between these results might be accounted for by the difference in the used tools, study period and the standards of the health-care system among the countries in which the studies were conducted.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Psychological Distress Among Ethiopian Pregnant Women During COVID-19: Negative Correlation with Self-Efficacy

Dule¹

2021

PRBM

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Background: Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019, the mental health of individuals has been negatively affected, especially among vulnerable groups. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association of psychological distress with self-efficacy and other correlates among Ethiopian pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 pregnant women from August 1 to 15, 2020. Pandemic-related psychological distress was measured by the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), generalized self-efficacy scale (GSES), and fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S) were employed to examine independent variables. A consecutive sampling technique was employed and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Categorical variables were presented in terms of frequencies and percentages; and mean with SD was employed to express continuous variables. Multiple regressions were performed; and for statistical significance, p < 0.05 and 95% CI were considered. Results: The participants had 31.3 (SD±7.7) mean age and those participants between the ages of 25-34 were dominant. The mean score of IES-R scale was 45.1 (±17.4) indicating severe psychological distress. The IES-R mean score for primiparous women was significantly higher than the mean score of multiparous women. Psychological distress has a strong positive correlation with symptoms of anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19. In contrast, a negative relationship was found between psychological distress and participants' self-efficacy. Conclusion:The results indicate that the current pandemic has imposed severe psychological distress among pregnant women. The presence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pandemic-related fears were identified as positive predictors. In contrast, better self-efficacy of the pregnant women was linked to lower psychological distress. For health-care professionals, broadening the focus and collaboration among service-delivering units are important in halting undesirable outcomes of the pandemic.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Psychological Distress Among Ethiopian Pregnant Women During COVID-19: Negative Correlation with Self-Efficacy

Dule¹

2021

PRBM

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“…Distress. The outbreak of COVID-19 was negatively associated with psychological distress responses of grief, hopelessness, posttraumatic symptoms, panic attacks, distress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, ambivalence, fear, stigma, and concern towards socioeconomic status [27,28]. A recent review of the research, which summarized 17 articles from different countries [29], further found a high prevalence of distress among the investigated general populations along with the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Psychological Coping Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morale and Perceived Threats as Predictors of Psychological Coping with Distress in Pandemic and Armed Conflict Times

Eshel

Kimhi

Marciano

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The present study investigated predictors of psychological coping with adversity responses during the COVID-19 pandemic and an armed conflict. Two paired samples that represented the Israeli population that was exposed to both adversities were compared. Respondents rated five different psychological coping responses associated with the two adversities, such as anxiety or individual resilience. Perceived security, pandemic, economic, and political risks, as well as level of morale, were rated. Two major findings were disclosed by two path analyses. Morale improved the predictions of the varied coping responses in both the pandemic and conflict and was the best predictor of four out of five responses and the second-best predictor of the fifth response. Contrary to previous studies, our findings revealed that the concept of a single major predictor of coping responses under distress is an overgeneralization. In both cases, the coping responses were better explained by other perceived risks rather than by the risk of the investigated adversity. Rather than assume that a perceived security threat accounts for low levels of public moods, it is vital to study the antecedents of coping responses and to empirically examine additional potential predictors.

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“…Another crucial scheme of this action plan is to develop and disseminate some materials to deal with mental wellbeing of teachers and learners, which is hardly taken into account in Nepal (Gnawali, 2020) although the study of Mahat and Khanal (2012) report that child mental health program implemented in schools have significant positive impact on students, school environment and teaching learning activities. The study of Gautam et al (2020) on the self-reported psychological distress during COVID-19 in Nepal equally emphasizes that there is a need of the formal body to address the appropriate mental health and psychological support response in Nepal.…”

Section: Emergency Action Plan For School Education 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it planned to collect data in relation to the access to resources by the first week of October; nonetheless, it has remained silent on how the data will be collected. The question emerges whether it was possible to collect the data in the given timeline given the situation that there was no usual practice of data collection, and there is high prevalence of psychological distress among the Nepalese during the pandemic (Gautam et al, 2020). Norris et al (2014) contend that the clarity on the issue is needed on any policy for the effective implementation.…”

Section: Emergency Action Plan For School Education 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Response in Educational Policies during COVID-19 in Nepal: A Critical Review

Shrestha¹,

Gnawali²

2021

ije

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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought chaos in education across the world, including developing countries like Nepal. To respond to this educational disruption in this South Asian country, different educational plans and policies were formulated by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Government of Nepal. It is not known whether these policies were realistic and practicable, as there is no review of these documents to date. With this backdrop, this paper critically reviews the educational plans and policies that were developed to manage education during the crisis. It appraises the strengths of these policies in terms of their intent and practicalities of implementation in the given situation, and identifies gaps and challenges, and recommends some ways to realistically run the education system. The review reveals that these documents have several strengths, such as they plan to create data in terms of learners’ access to resources, value self-learning and parent education, and suggest several alternative ways to resume school. Yet, there are some gaps and challenges, the identification of which can guide the effective delivery of education in Nepal in any kind of crisis period both at present and in future. This paper is expected to help policy makers to revisit the existing policies or guide them when they form future educational policies that are designed to manage education in any kinds of crisis. It is also deemed helpful for teacher educators, practitioners and other educational stakeholders to understand about the educational plans and policies formed to deal with crises.

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Self-reported psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal: findings from an online survey

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Psychological Distress Among Ethiopian Pregnant Women During COVID-19: Negative Correlation with Self-Efficacy

Psychological Distress Among Ethiopian Pregnant Women During COVID-19: Negative Correlation with Self-Efficacy

Morale and Perceived Threats as Predictors of Psychological Coping with Distress in Pandemic and Armed Conflict Times

Emergency Response in Educational Policies during COVID-19 in Nepal: A Critical Review

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