Self-reported intake of high-fat and high-sugar diet is not associated with cognitive stability and flexibility in healthy men

Hartmann, Hendrik; Janssen, Loes; Herzog, Nadine; Morys, Filip; Fängström, Daniel; Fallon, Sean James; Horstmann, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.106477

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The present investigation sought to evaluate whether obesity might be associated with impairments in working memory gating. Consistent with previous literature (Yang et al, 2020, 2019, 2018; Gonzales et al, 2010; Coppin et al, 2014, Hartmann et al, 2023) we found evidence for impairments in overall working memory in individuals with a high BMI. Yet, we could not observe the expected interaction of BMI and condition, indicating no specific effect of BMI on WM gating.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…At the end of each trial, participants evaluate whether a presented figure was a target figure or not. Figure reused from Hartmann et al (2023) with permission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants completed a modified version of a delayed match-to-sample task originally designed by Fallon and Cools (2014). This modified version has already been described in Hartmann et al (2023) and Herzog et al (2023). The task comprises 4 conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Working Memory Gating in Obesity is Moderated by Striatal Dopaminergic Gene Variants

Herzog,

Hartmann,

Janssen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Everyday life requires an adaptive balance between distraction-resistant maintenance of information and the flexibility to update this information when needed. These opposing mechanisms are proposed to be balanced through a working memory gating mechanism. Prior research indicates that obesity may elevate the risk of working memory deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Dopaminergic abnormalities have emerged as a potential mediator. However, current models suggest these abnormalities should only shift the balance in working memory tasks, not produce overall deficits. The empirical support for this notion is currently lacking, however. To address this gap, we pooled data from three studies (N = 320) where participants performed a working memory gating task. Higher BMI was associated with overall poorer working memory, irrespective of whether there was a need to maintain or update information. However, when participants, in addition to BMI level, were categorized based on certain putative dopamine-signaling characteristics (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; specifically, Taq1A and DARPP), distinct working memory gating effects emerged. These SNPs, primarily associated with striatal dopamine transmission, specifically influenced updating in high-BMI individuals. Moreover, blood amino acid ratio, which indicates central dopamine synthesis capacity, combined with BMI, shifted the balance between distractor-resistant maintenance and updating. These findings suggest that both dopamine-dependent and dopamine-independent cognitive effects exist in obesity. Understanding these effects is crucial if we aim to modify maladaptive cognitive profiles in individuals with obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…At the end of each trial, participants evaluate whether a presented figure was a target figure or not. Figure reused from Hartmann et al (2023) with permission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Working Memory Gating in Obesity is Moderated by Striatal Dopaminergic Gene Variants

Herzog,

Hartmann,

Janssen

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…However, not all studies that have examined impulsivity in relation to habitual intake of fat and/or sugar have found effects. Notably, a recent also used the DFS measure to explore the relationship between habitual diet, memory and impulsivity [ 79 ]. In that study, performance participants scoring less than 52 or more than 62 on the DFS completed a series of tasks and measures including the UPPS and Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS) [ 80 ], and found no group differences in impulsivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the prefrontal cortex is heavily implicated in impulsivity, an alternative interpretation of the association between DFS scores and measures of impulsivity in the present studies could be that unhealthy diet directly effects the prefrontal cortex as well as the hippocampus. However, a recent investigation of striatal and prefrontal function using a working memory task found no association of DFS with behavioural or neural measures of PFC function [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual intake of fat and sugar is associated with poorer memory and greater impulsivity in humans

Yeomans,

Armitage,

Atkinson

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The vicious cycle model of obesity suggests that repeated habitual intake of a diet high in fat and sugar (HFS) results in impairment in hippocampal function which in turn increases impulsive behaviours, making it harder to resist unhealthy diet choices. Evidence from studies with rodents consistently show switching to a HFS diet impairs performance on hippocampally-sensitive memory tasks. The limited literature in humans also suggest impaired memory and increased impulsivity related to higher habitual HFS intake. However, these changes in memory and impulsivity have been looked at independently. To investigate how these effects are inter-related, three experiments were conducted where relative HFS intake was related to measures of memory and impulsivity. In Experiment 1 (90 female participants), HFS was associated with higher scores on the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-revised (EMQ), and higher scores on the total, Attention (BISatt) and Motor (BISmot) sub-scales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS11). Experiment 2 (84 women and 35 men), replicated the association between HFS and EMQ, and also found HFS related to poorer performance on the hippocampally-sensitive 4 mountain (4MT) memory task. The association between HFS intake and the BISatt replicated, but there were no significant associations with other BIS11 measures or delay-discounting for monetary rewards. Experiment 3 (199 women and 87 men) replicated the associations between DFS and 4MT and EMQ, and also found an association with overall recall, but not response inhibition, from a Remembering Causes Forgetting task: HFS was also significantly associated with BIS total, BISatt and BISmot. In all three studies these associations remained when potential confounds (BMI, age, gender, hunger state, restrained and disinhibited eating) were controlled for. Mediation analysis found that the effect of HFS on memory at least part mediated the relationship between HFS and impulsivity in Experiments 1 and 3, but not 2. Overall these data provide some support for the vicious cycle model, but also suggest that trait impulsivity may be a risk factor for poor dietary choice.

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Working memory gating in obesity: Insights from a case-control fMRI study

Herzog,

Hartmann,

Janssen

et al. 2024

Appetite

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Self-reported intake of high-fat and high-sugar diet is not associated with cognitive stability and flexibility in healthy men

Cited by 6 publications

References 102 publications

Working Memory Gating in Obesity is Moderated by Striatal Dopaminergic Gene Variants

Working Memory Gating in Obesity is Moderated by Striatal Dopaminergic Gene Variants

Habitual intake of fat and sugar is associated with poorer memory and greater impulsivity in humans

Working memory gating in obesity: Insights from a case-control fMRI study

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