Self-reported frailty is associated with low calcaneal bone mineral density in a multiracial population of community-dwelling elderly

Abstract

Self-reported frailty is associated with low calcaneal BMD and can be used to identify subjects with a greater risk of osteoporosis than expected from traditional risk factors.

Prevalence of Frailty in Community‐Dwelling Older Persons: A Systematic Review

“…Another study compared three self‐report screening instruments . The studies that reported the highest prevalence used self‐report questionnaires …”

Frailty as a predictor of fractures among community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Although the relationship between frailty and osteoporosis is not clear, and they may be merely distinct age-related phenomena, some studies showed possible associations [10][11][12]. Fried et al defined frailty as having three or more of the five criteria: unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and low physical activity in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) [13].…”

Frailty and bone health in European men

“…Frailty has also been linked in prospective studies with an increased risk of future fractures, though whether this is related to the increased susceptibility to falls or whether there is in addition an associated reduction in bone strength remains uncertain [ 3 ]. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between frailty and bone mineral density (BMD) [ 1 , 4 – 11 ], however, the results have been somewhat discrepant. Some, though not all, suggest an association between frailty and markers of bone strength, including calcaneal BMD [ 4 ] and femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD [ 5 , 6 , 8 ].…”