Self-Report Stress Measures to Assess Stress in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities—A Scoping Review

Abstract

Stress has a major negative impact on the development of psychopathology and contributes to the onset of adverse physical conditions. Timely recognition and monitoring of stress-related problems are therefore important, especially in client populations that are more vulnerable to stress, such as people with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Recent research on the use of physiological measures to assess stress levels emphasize that, in addition to these measures, self-report instruments are necessary to gain insight into the individual perception and impact of stress on daily life. However, there is no current overview of self-report stress measures that focus on the experience of stress in the present moment or in daily life. To provide an overview of the existing self-report stress measures for clinicians and researchers, a scoping review was conducted. In addition, to advise clinical professionals on the use of self-report measures of stress for people with MID, the results of an expert consultation were used to refine the preliminary findings. A systematic scoping literature search resulted in a total of 13 self-reported stress measures that met the final inclusion criteria, of which three were developed specifically for assessing stress in adults with MID (GAS-ID, LI, and SAS-ID). For each included self-report stress measure, the psychometric quality, assessment procedure, and suitability for adults with MID were reported. These were supplemented by the findings from the expert consultation. Implications for clinical practice on the use of self-report stress measures, particularly for people with MID, are discussed. Recommendations for future research and development are given.

Effectiveness of drama-based therapies on mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies.

“…We coded whether the outcomes were assessed by self-report or observational questionnaires. Evidence suggests that observational measures (also known as proxy reports) may be less accurate and less sensitive than self-report measures (de Witte, Kooijmans, et al, 2021; Scott & Havercamp, 2018). In the current meta-analysis, 93% of the studies applied self-report measures as compared to observational measures.…”

Academic Coverage of Social Stressors Experienced by Disabled People: A Scoping Review

“…Other phrases used were: visually impaired people [184]; in the blind [185]; blind patient [186]; going blind [187]; people with disabilities [4,188,189]; individuals with disabilities [145,190]; wheelchair bound people [188]; those confined to wheelchairs [188]; wheelchair user [191,192]; persons with incomplete spinal cord injury [193]; children and adolescents with sickle cell [194,195]; students with dyslexia [196]; athletes with a disability [197]; working disabled population [198]; youth with chronic pain [199]; chronic disability [200]; the physically disabled [201]; persons with physical disabilities [202]; ado-lescents with intellectual disability [203]; people with mild intellectual disabilities [204]; and people with intellectual disabilities [205] and learning disabilities [206].…”

“…Various stress measures were mentioned, such as the disability stress coping model and the transactional stress and coping model [194], the disability stress scale [191], the selfreport stress measure [204], the stress survey schedule [171,176], and the stress detection method using EEG [184].…”

Towards a Non-Contact Method for Identifying Stress Using Remote Photoplethysmography in Academic Environments

“…Anxiety can be triggered by academic stress when students face demanding school situations (stressors), for example examinations. De Witte et al [ 14 ] claim that stress-related emotional states lead to anxiety. Thus, students must use all their coping strategies to adapt or face state anxiety.…”