Self-regulatory efficacy for exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: Review and recommendations for measurement.

Abstract

Purpose: Self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) is a psychological resource necessary for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise adoption and maintenance. A 2008 review of self-efficacy for CR exercise identified the need for more high-quality research on SRE. The present review had 4 purposes: (a) to review the characteristics of empirical SRE and CR exercise research since 2008; (b) to examine the quality of SRE measurement; (c) to determine whether varying quality of SRE measurement moderated the relationship between SRE, exercise, and CR social cognitions; and (d) to make recommendations for better measurement for future research. Method: An initial search of 766 possible studies identified 29 for review. These included individuals engaged in or completing CR where SRE for exercise and relevant outcomes was assessed. Meta-analysis examined whether SRE measurement quality was associated with the magnitude of effects observed and to determine potential moderation by quality. Results: There were 11 unique operationalizations of SRE for exercise. Problematic factors included: non-SRE variables assessed as the construct, using global versus specific measures, and lack of a time frame over which SRE applied. Effect size was related to stronger relationships as level of study and measurement quality increased. Conclusion: Since 2008, an increase in studies examining SRE and CR exercise was observed. To advance SRE and CR exercise research, measurement and research quality improvements are recommended that have implications for future mediation and CR intervention assessment.

A phone and text message intervention to improve physical activity in midlife: initial feasibility testing

“…In terms of mediating variables, internal constructs such as locus of control and self-efficacy, but not externally-focused perception of social support, improved during the intervention, suggesting that these may be factors that helped participants to become more physically active. Of these variables, self-efficacy may be particularly important, given the literature suggesting that self-efficacy for exercise is a major contributor to engaging in (and increasing) physical activity, and future studies should examine the mediating effects of this variable (Bauman et al, 2012 ; Locke, McMahon, & Brawley, 2020 ).…”

Sex Differences in Physical Activity Levels and Sitting Time in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

“…[20][21][22][23] For instance, positive outcome expectations (eg, manage better irregular heart rhythm if physically active) and high task selfefficacy (ie, confidence to engage in MVPA) have been shown to be significantly associated with increased PA in physically inactive adults and individuals with CVD, respectively. 24,25 In patients living with AF, our CHAMPLAIN-AF study 15 found that most patients had positive outcome expectations and moderate confidence to engage in PA. Moreover, we found significant positive relationships in outcome expectations, task self-efficacy, and PA levels and sitting time.…”

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease : Attendance, Adherence and the Added Value of a Behavioural Medicine Intervention

“…This is consistent with results from a previous study that reported the highest level of self-efficacy at the beginning of a CR programme 142 . Self-efficacy is one of the most widely known key factors for improving adherence to exercise in all populations 116 , and is related to exercise behaviour during and following CR 143 . Cederbom et al 73 showed that selfefficacy for exercise improved for an individually tailored BMIP group of older women from the values obtained from receiving regular physical activity advice, but, consistent with Study B, self-efficacy between the groups was not significantly different 73 .…”