Self-Regulation through Distribution

Kidman, Shawna

doi:10.7560/vlt7503

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…According to Kidman, comic sales dropped by half between 1954 and 1955, and publishers by 1956, while monthly issue titles decreased from around six hundred to around two hundred. 51 This meant a severe loss of diversification among comics aside from the censorship of surviving comics. The code itself limited how crime, criminals, and law enforcement could be presented, entirely banned "terror," "horror," and supernatural creatures, dictated what type of language could be used (including promoting good grammar), and banned even references to homosexuality.…”

Section: The Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Paul Lopes, a 1944 study found that nearly every American between six and seven years old read comics, and Shawna Kidman estimates that prior to the comic book crash beginning in 1954, there were around 70 million American comic readersa number which not only exceeded the US Census Bureau's estimate of nearly 60 million Americans under age 20, but made up roughly 40% of the American population. 1 In other words, around two in five Americans were comic readers at the time. In fact, comics were so popular that to promote literacy among soldiers, the US military even used specialized editions of popular comics, such as Action Comics' Superman stories, which contained simplified language and quizzes titled "How well did you read?"…”

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Illustrated, Incitive, and Indecent: Comic Censorship and the Effort to Stem Youth Corruption

Moore

2023

DttP

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Today, one would be hard-pressed to find a child, teen, or adult in the United States who has not been exposed to comic culture in some sense—a cultural element we share with those Americans from almost a century ago. Comic magazines (hereby referred to as comics) were a staple of American youth culture from the late-1930s to the mid-1950s. According to Paul Lopes, a 1944 study found that nearly every American between six and seven years old read comics, and Shawna Kidman estimates that prior to the comic book crash beginning in 1954, there were around 70 million American comic readers—a number which not only exceeded the US Census Bureau’s estimate of nearly 60 million Americans under age 20, but made up roughly 40% of the American population.1 In other words, around two in five Americans were comic readers at the time. In fact, comics were so popular that to promote literacy among soldiers, the US military even used specialized editions of popular comics, such as Action Comics’ Superman stories, which contained simplified language and quizzes titled “How well did you read?”2 It is clear that the medium was recognized to have engaged readers in all different parts of life, but if comics were so well read among Americans youths and adults alike, why did their popularity decline?

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Section: The Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Illustrated, Incitive, and Indecent: Comic Censorship and the Effort to Stem Youth Corruption

Moore

2023

DttP

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Nazi Almanya’sında Yayıncılık, Nazizm İdeolojisinin Yaydığı Anti-Semitist Söylemlerin İnşası ve Kitapların Propaganda Amaçlı Kullanımı

Erol¹

2020

Turk Kutuphaneciligi - Turkish Librarianship

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Öz 30 Ocak 1933 tarihinde Nazilerin Almanya'da iktidara gelişi, ülkede yayıncılık alanında radikal değişimlerin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Nazi rejimi, kendileri için tehdit olarak değerlendirdikleri yayınları sansürlemiş, diğer yandan ülkedeki kütüphaneler üzerinde sıkı bir denetim uygulamıştır. Nazilerin, Almanya'daki yayıncılık üzerindeki etkisi, Alman Öğrenci Birliği'nin (Deutsche Studentenschaft, DSt) katılımında gerçekleşen kitap yakma (Bücher verbrennung) kampanyasıyla simgeleşmiştir. Nazilerin kitap yakma kampanyasında, zararlı olarak nitelendirilen veya Nazizm ideolojisine karşıt ideolojileri temsil eden kitaplar hedef alınmıştır. Nazizm ideolojisine karşıt yayınların ortadan kaldırılmasının yanında Nazizm ideolojisini yücelten ve fikirlerinin Alman toplumu tarafından benimsenmesini amaçlayan yayınlar da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yayınlar içerisinde Nazizm ideolojisinin antisemitist söylemlerinin yer aldığı kitaplar da olmuştur. Çalışmada Nazi rejiminin, Nazizm ideolojisinin antisemitist söylemlerinin kitlelere benimsetilmesinde kitapları propaganda amaçlı nasıl kullandığı Yeşil Fundalıkta Tilkiye ve Yemininde Yahudiye Güvenme (Traukeinem Fuchs auf grüner Heid und keinem Jud auf seinem Eid) adlı kitap özelinde ele alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında kitapta yer alan görsel ve yazılı göstergeler, Karl Bühler'in Organon Modeli ve Claude Lévi-Strauss'un İkili Karşıtlıklar Modeli özelinde göstergebilim yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kitapta Yahudilerin Alman toplumunda istenmeyen kişiler olduğuna, ötekileştirildiklerine ve dışlandıklarına yönelik algıların meydana getirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu şekilde elde edilen bulgular ışığında kitap üzerinden Nazizm ideolojisine ait antisemitist söylemlerin Alman toplumunda benimsetilmeye çalışıldığına yönelik çıkarımda bulunulmaktadır.

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Trysts Tropiques: The Torrid Jungles of Science Fiction

Menadue

2017

eTropic

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In science fiction magazines of the first half of the twentieth century, tropical environments are chaotic domains where civilised restrictions do not apply. Visitors who cross the boundary between civilisation and jungle exhibit carnal desires and violent behaviours in response to the opportunities and threats they encounter. Mysterious cities and settlements hidden in the jungle and inhabited by supernatural beings are a common feature of science fiction of this period. The tropics are 'torrid' in both a human, emotional sense, as well as in the sense of Aristotle's definition of a geographical area that is virtually uninhabitable due to the hostility of the climate (Physics, 362a33-362b29). However, by the end of the century, the tropical jungle had been transformed in science fiction into something positive and less fearsome; a rich ecological reserve, endangered, and in need of preservation. Tropical science fiction narratives reflect a changing public understanding of the tropics, and illustrate the value of science fiction as a record of the history of changes in social and cultural values.

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Self-Regulation through Distribution

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Illustrated, Incitive, and Indecent: Comic Censorship and the Effort to Stem Youth Corruption

Illustrated, Incitive, and Indecent: Comic Censorship and the Effort to Stem Youth Corruption

Nazi Almanya’sında Yayıncılık, Nazizm İdeolojisinin Yaydığı Anti-Semitist Söylemlerin İnşası ve Kitapların Propaganda Amaçlı Kullanımı

Trysts Tropiques: The Torrid Jungles of Science Fiction

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