Self-regulation and Rapid Weight Gain in Children From Age 3 to 12 Years

Francis, Lori A.; Susman, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2008.579

Cited by 322 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, recent studies have established a prospective link between poorer inhibitory control and childhood obesity onset. [62][63][64] Future research needs to resolve the unique contributions of attention span, self-control and negative emotionality to excess weight gain during childhood. Among girls, greater soothability predicted greater change in standardized weight status and obesity onset at the age of 6 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

Faith

Hittner

2010

Int J Obes

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Objective: Little research has addressed the relationships among infant temperament, eating styles and obesity risk. To address this gap, we tested whether infant temperament and eating patterns at the age of 1 year are associated with a greater increase in standardized weight status, and greater obesity risk at 6 years of age. Design: A secondary, prospective analysis of the Colorado Adoption Study was conducted. The main predictor variables were infant temperament (that is, emotionality, activity, attention span-persistence, reaction to food and soothability) and eating domains (that is, reactivity to food, predictable appetite and distractability at mealtime) at the age of 1 year, along with the body mass index (BMI) of biological mothers. The outcome measures were child weight and height (length) assessed at ages 1 through 6 years, from which weight-for-length and BMI were computed along with the standardized indexes (z-scores) and percentiles. Overweight/obesity status was computed at each year as well. Participants: A primarily White sample of 262 boys and 225 girls, assessed at ages 1 through 6 years, along with their mothers. Results: Among boys, greater attention span-persistence was associated with reduced standardized weight status gain (b ¼ À0.15, Po0.05) and reduced obesity risk (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 0.46, P ¼ 0.06). Among girls, greater soothability and negative reaction to food were associated with greater standardized weight status gain (b ¼ 0.19, Po0.01; and b ¼ 0.16, Po0.05, respectively) and increased obesity risk (OR ¼ 3.72, P ¼ 0.03; and OR ¼ 2.81, P ¼ 0.08, respectively). Biological mothers' obesity status predicted obesity risk in boys (OR ¼ 3.07, P ¼ 0.01) and girls (OR ¼ 5.94, P ¼ 0.03). Conclusions: Male infants with less attention span, and female infants with greater soothability or a more negative food reaction, showed greater increases in standardized weight and were more likely to be overweight/obese at the age of 6 years. The role of infant temperament in pediatric obesity onset warrants greater research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

Faith

Hittner

2010

Int J Obes

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“…In contrast, higher self-control has been linked to greater dietary health in adolescents. 109,110 Greater capacity to delay gratification is associated with lower levels of overweight and a slower rate of weight gain in childhood, [111][112][113] and better self-regulation skills at the age of 2 years predicted lower BMI and lower risk of obesity by the age of 5 years. 114 The literature on executive function provides a neuropsychological perspective on self-regulation.…”

Section: Links Between Restraint and General Self-regulatory Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior

2011

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Self-control is generally viewed as highly desirable. In the eating behavior domain, however, the dominance of restraint theory has made the proposition that individuals should attempt to control their eating more controversial. This review discusses evidence from the dietary restraint literature and from studies of self-regulation processes to examine how far self-imposed control around food can be seen as beneficial for effective weight management. Epidemiological and field study evidence provides little support for the proposition that restrained eating causes disinhibited eating patterns. Restraint is often initiated as a response to weight gain, and the co-occurrence of disinhibited and restrained eating patterns on an individual level might better be explained by restraint acting as a marker for overeating tendencies. A sustained effort to monitor and control food intake characterizes successful long-term weight maintenance, suggesting that self-regulation in the eating domain is essential for those with a tendency to gain weight. Evidence from the literature on cognitive self-regulation suggests that there may be potential for people to learn to self-regulate better, both through training and controlled exposure techniques. Integration of the disparate theories of self-regulation is needed to identify the best ways of promoting self-regulation in order to support effective weight control, both in clinical and community settings.

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“…Restrictive feeding, or controlling children' s access to and intake of certain foods, is associated with child overeating and obesity, 17,18 and might disrupt children' s ability to self-regulate food intake. 19 Restriction may also interact with poorer self-control to exacerbate excess weight gain in children. 20 However, few family studies have addressed this question and most study designs are limited to the use of sibling pairs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Maternal Feeding Practices, Eating Self-Regulation, and Adiposity in Young Twins

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVE: Restrictive feeding is associated with childhood obesity; however, this could be due to other factors that drive children to overeat and parents to restrict (eg, child genetics). Using a twin design to better control for confounders, we tested differences in restrictive feeding within families in relation to differences in twins’ self-regulatory eating and weight status. METHODS: Sixty-four same-gender twin pairs (4–7 years old) were studied with their mothers. Child caloric compensation ability (COMPX% index) was assessed by using a laboratory-based protocol. The Child Feeding Questionnaire assessed mothers’ self-reported feeding styles toward each twin. Child BMI (kg/m2) and BMI z score were calculated by using measured weight and height; percent body fat and waist circumference were also assessed. Partial correlations examined within-twin pair differences in Child Feeding Questionnaire subscales in relation to within-twin pair differences in anthropometry and caloric compensation (COMPX%). RESULTS: Differences in maternal restriction were significantly associated with within-pair differences in child COMPX% and BMI z score. Mothers reported more restriction toward the heavier and more poorly compensating twin. Additionally, within-pair differences in parental pressure to eat were associated with significant differences in BMI z score, percent body fat, and waist circumference. Mothers were more pressuring toward the lighter twin. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers vary in their feeding practices, even among same-gender twin pairs, which might influence differences in adiposity. Future research needs to elucidate cause-and-effect and intervention implications regarding parental restriction and pressure-to-eat prompts.

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Self-regulation and Rapid Weight Gain in Children From Age 3 to 12 Years

Cited by 322 publications

References 36 publications

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

Infant temperament and eating style predict change in standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age

Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior

Differential Maternal Feeding Practices, Eating Self-Regulation, and Adiposity in Young Twins

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