Self-Regulated Solar PV Systems: Replacing Battery via Virtual Inertia Reserve

Saxena, Pranjal; Singh, Navdeep; Pandey, Ashok Kumar

doi:10.1109/tec.2021.3052022

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…PV and wind turbine generators can be used to reduce system inertia, as proposed in the literature [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Nevertheless, the main contribution of this study is the use of inverter air conditioners as the main component of virtual energy storage systems to provide virtual inertia and frequency regulation.…”

Section: A Virtual Energy Storage System Using Iac and Pv Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, distributed RES, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generators, have been applied to provide virtual inertia and frequency regulation. For PV and wind turbine generators, deloading and inertia emulation are the two primary techniques used to provide virtual inertia and frequency regulation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The deloading of the PV generation may not be economically reasonable when the load demand is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MPC-Based Virtual Energy Storage System Using PV and Air Conditioner to Emulate Virtual Inertia and Frequency Regulation of the Low-Inertia Microgrid

2022

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Grid-connected large-scale power converter-based intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) reduce system inertia, increase frequency fluctuation, and increase the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). An energy storage system (ESS) is an indispensable component of a smart grid, and is used to overcome low-inertia problems. However, the capital and maintenance costs of ESS are high and high RoCoF events are less frequent in power systems. Therefore, the introduction of a virtual energy storage system (VESS) to provide the function of a conventional ESS for power system ancillary services is an innovative and cost-effective method. This study investigated a VESS using photovoltaic (PV) generators and inverter air conditioners (IACs) to provide virtual inertia and frequency regulation for a low-inertia microgrid. A model predictive control (MPC)-based VESS regulates indoor temperature, microgrid frequency, and RoCoF. The impact of parameter variation, that is, the microgrid frequency weight, indoor temperature weight, virtual inertia gain, and number of IACs, was studied and selected by considering the ability of the parameters to provide virtual inertia and frequency regulation. Finally, the efficiency and robustness of the proposed MPC-based VESS technique are compared with those of a conventional VESS. Simulation results revealed that the proposed MPC-based VESS can improve the virtual inertia, reduce the frequency deviation, and reduce the RoCoF of the studied microgrid. In addition, the proposed method is robust to variations in the system parameters.INDEX TERMS Virtual energy storage system, virtual inertia emulator, load frequency control, inverter air conditioner, photovoltaics generator, microgrid

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Section: A Virtual Energy Storage System Using Iac and Pv Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MPC-Based Virtual Energy Storage System Using PV and Air Conditioner to Emulate Virtual Inertia and Frequency Regulation of the Low-Inertia Microgrid

2022

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“…De-loading is another control strategy where the renewable generation operates with power reserve for frequency regulation. The de-loading technique can be applied to wind power plants [36] and PV generation [37].…”

Section: Refmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the physical meaning, the Lipschitz constant L evaluates how much the load shedding will change as the random variable changes. The random variable ξ = (ξ c , ξ g ) contains the load demand and renewable generation and they can be considered separately as (37) and (38) show, thanks to the 1-norm we adopt. When the load power increases by 1 unit in some time period, the load shedding will not decrease, and it will increase by ∆ t at most.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing Renewable Generation and Energy Storage in Stand-Alone Microgrids Considering Distributionally Robust Shortfall Risk

Xie

Wei

Shahidehpour

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…The interlink converters are utilized to provide inertia support in combined AC and DC microgrid [21]. In [22], a solar photovoltaic source with a battery bank is used to provide inertia. The battery is used as a reserve source for inertia.…”

Section: A State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Dynamic Response of DC Microgrid Under Transient Condition Using Inertia by Virtual Generation

Deshmukh

Ballal

2021

IEEE Access

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This article proposes new control architecture to improve the dynamic performance of DC microgrid by enhancing system inertia. The DC microgrids are gaining more importance due to the controlled and combined operation of multiple distributed energy resources (DERs). The DC microgrid is dominated by controlled power electronics converters. These converters are not having inbuilt inertia like rotating generators. Therefore, the DC microgrid has a fast rate of change of bus voltage under fluctuations of load, change in available power capacity of sources due to their randomness, etc. This affects the voltage profile and stability of the system under dynamic variation. The proposed closed loop control scheme estimates the amount of inertia required in the DC microgrid to minimize the voltage variation. The new power references are given to sources based on virtual generation to improve the inertia in the system. The proposed control scheme maintains the stability of DC microgrid. It also achieves effective power management based on available power in DERs with minimum burden on the energy storage system (ESS). The bus voltages are regulated at reference value. The stability analysis of the system is carried out for DC microgrid under different operating conditions. The proposed control method is tested experimentally under diverse operating conditions.INDEX TERMS DC microgrid, inertia, power management, transient stability, virtual generation.

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Self-Regulated Solar PV Systems: Replacing Battery via Virtual Inertia Reserve

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

MPC-Based Virtual Energy Storage System Using PV and Air Conditioner to Emulate Virtual Inertia and Frequency Regulation of the Low-Inertia Microgrid

MPC-Based Virtual Energy Storage System Using PV and Air Conditioner to Emulate Virtual Inertia and Frequency Regulation of the Low-Inertia Microgrid

Sizing Renewable Generation and Energy Storage in Stand-Alone Microgrids Considering Distributionally Robust Shortfall Risk

Improved Dynamic Response of DC Microgrid Under Transient Condition Using Inertia by Virtual Generation

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