Self-regulated music stimulation for persons with Alzheimer's disease: Impact assessment and social validation

Abstract

An active music stimulation condition can be viable, effective, and socially preferable.

Awareness in severe Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

“…The number of participants varied considerably across studies, with a median sample size of 11 (range 3-77). Nine studies were defined as high quality (Avondino & Antoine, 2016;Beach et al, 2015;Conde-Sala et al, 2013Magai et al, 1996, P€ oll€ anen & Hirsim€ aki, 2014Starkstein, Jorge, Mizrahi, & Robinson, 2006;Swall, Ebbeskog, Lundh, & Fagerberg, 2015), seven as moderate quality (Asplund, Jansson, & Norberg, 1995;Asplund, Norberg, Adolfsson, & Waxman, 1991;Biringer, Anderson, & Strubel, 1988;Biringer & Anderson, 1992;Bologna & Camp, 1997;Mayhew, Acton, Yauk, & Hopkins, 2001;Tappen, Williams, Fishman, & Touhy, 1999) and five as low quality (Grewal, 1994;Lancioni et al, 2013Lancioni et al, , 2015Mangone et al, 1991;Yokoi, Haraguchi, Hashimoto, & Okamura, 2012).…”

“…Overall, the existing literature highlights that environmental contexts play a significant role in facilitating or preventing the expression of awareness in severe AD. Several studies reported that various environmental stimuli effected the expression of lower level sensory awareness in severe AD patients, such as listening to music (Lancioni et al, 2013(Lancioni et al, , 2015 and sitting in a rocking-chair (Asplund et al, 1991). Environmental cues, including name tags and labels, also appeared to influence self-recognition in individuals who could not independently demonstrate this ability (Bologna & Camp, 1997).…”

“…Conde-Sala et al, 2013, they did not provide sufficient evidence for the relationship with awareness in severe AD. Reasons for this include: exclusion of people in the most severe stages, providing only information about moderately-severe AD (Conde-Sala et al, 2013; measurement of BPSD but no subsequent discussion on how this relates to awareness (Lancioni et al, 2013); and exclusion of participants on the basis of high BPSD scores (Beach et al, 2015). One study examined this relationship (Starkstein et al, 2006), demonstrating that people with severe AD were less aware of their own depressive symptoms.…”

“…Nine of the 21 studies provided evidence for awareness at the level of sensory registration (Asplund et al, 1991(Asplund et al, , 1995Beach et al, 2015;Lancioni et al, 2013Lancioni et al, , 2015Magai et al, 1996;P€ oll€ anen & Hirsim€ aki, 2014;Swall et al, 2015;Yokoi et al, 2012). All nine examined behavioural responses to stimuli while two had the addition of physiological measures (Asplund et al, 1991;Beach et al, 2015).…”

“…The majority of studies provided evidence to suggest that sensory registration is maintained in people with severe AD. Listening to familiar music was associated with increased behavioural responses compared to periods of no music (Lancioni et al, 2013(Lancioni et al, , 2015. These responses extended beyond bodily expressions and involved the use of hand-held switches to actively control the music played.…”