Self-Reference enhances memory for multi-element events judged likely to happen in young and older adults

Hou, Mingzhu; Grilli, Matthew D.; Glisky, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2019.1674336

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…These results are in line with previous findings (James et al, 2019), in which older adults were more likely to successfully retrieve the associated context if they also successfully remembered the object-occupation associations. These findings conceptually replicate those by Hou et al (2019), suggesting that both young and older adults may store coherent event memory representations that result in an all-or-none retrieval success pattern and mutual cuing of elements within networks of associations.…”

Section: Age-related Declines In Holistic Retrievalsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…These findings align with those by James et al (2019), which showed that relative to young adults, older adults showed a lesser degree of contingency between the focal event and its contexts (James et al, 2019). However, our findings are inconsistent with those by Hou et al (2019), wherein young and older adults showed comparable degrees of dependency. This misalignment is likely due to the key design difference between the two studies, namely the use of overlapping versus unique events.…”

Section: Age-related Declines In Holistic Retrievalsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Indeed, a recent study investigated age-related differences between young and older adults in holistic retrieval using dependency measure in a multi-element event paradigm (Hou et al, 2019). Here, the authors did not find an age difference in retrieval dependency between young and older adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Our findings provide complementary data to previous work that employed different paradigms and conceptualisation of pattern completion in ageing. In addition to studies that examined holistic retrieval to estimate pattern completion (Hou et al, 2019;James et al, 2020), other investigators have employed other kinds of paradigms that estimate pattern completion using cue completeness manipulations. For instance, Vieweg and colleagues (2015) showed that relative to young adults, older adults were less able to pattern complete learned scenes based on partial cues (e.g., fragmented scenes), especially when the cues were increasingly sparse (Vieweg et al, 2015).…”

Section: Variations In Pattern Completion Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relational binding and holistic retrieval in ageing

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Newcombe

2021

Memory

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Episodic memory binds together diverse elements of an event into a cohesive unit. This property enables the reconstruction of multidimensional experiences when triggered by a cue related to a past event via pattern completion processes. Such holistic retrieval is evident in young adults, as shown by dependency in the retrieval success for different associations from the same event [Horner, A. J., & Burgess, N. The associative structure of memory for multi-element events.

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Section: Age-related Declines In Holistic Retrievalsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Age-related Declines In Holistic Retrievalsupporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Variations In Pattern Completion Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relational binding and holistic retrieval in ageing

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Newcombe

2021

Memory

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“…Given prior work suggesting that stimulus features in working memory may be forgotten independently from one another (Bays et al, 2011;Fougnie & Alvarez, 2011;Markov et al, 2021), whereas pattern completion and reinstatement tend to result in holistic retrieval from long-term memory (Grande et al, 2019;Horner et al, 2015), we predicted a stronger association between fidelity of object and spatial information in LTM as compared to short-term memory (STM). Moreover, based on well-documented age-related declines in binding together elements in memory (Chen & Naveh-Benjamin, 2012;Henkel et al, 1998;Hou et al, 2019;James et al, 2019;Lyle et al, 2006;Naveh-Benjamin & Mayr, 2018;Ngo & Newcombe, 2021), we also hypothesised a weaker trial-by-trial association between object and spatial memory fidelity with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan

Gellersen¹,

McMaster²,

Abdurahman³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Ageing is associated with less detailed memory recall. We tested whether poorer representational fidelity across perception, short-term and long-term memory (STM/LTM) are among the earliest signs of cognitive ageing. Our paradigm probed target-lure object mnemonic discrimination and precision of object-location binding. In a lifespan sample, cognitive deficits were observed in midlife when complex, detailed stimulus representations were required for perceptual and short/long-term Forced Choice mnemonic discrimination. A continuous metric of object-location source memory combined with computational modelling demonstrated that errors in short- and long-term memory in middle-aged adults were largely driven by a loss of precision for retrieved memories, not necessarily by forgetting. On a trial-by-trial basis, the fidelity of item and spatial information was more tightly bound in long- as opposed to short-term memory with this association being unaffected by ageing. Standard neuropsychological tests without demands on memory quality were less sensitive to age effects than memory precision. Perceptual discrimination predicted mnemonic discrimination across tasks. Neuropsychological proxies for prefrontal executive functions correlated with short-term, but not long-term, memory fidelity. Conversely, neuropsychological indicators of hippocampal integrity correlated with mnemonic discrimination and precision of both STM and LTM, suggesting partially dissociable mechanisms of inter-individual variability in short- and long-term memory fidelity.

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Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan.

Gellersen,

McMaster,

Abdurahman

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Aging results in less detailed memories, reflecting reduced fidelity of remembered compared to real-world representations. We tested whether poorer representational fidelity across perception, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM) are among the earliest signs of cognitive aging. Our paradigm probed target–lure object mnemonic discrimination and precision of object-location binding. Across the lifespan, cognitive deficits were observed in midlife when detailed stimulus representations were required for perceptual and short/long-term forced choice mnemonic discrimination. A continuous metric of object-location source memory combined with computational modeling demonstrated that errors in STM and LTM in middle-aged adults were largely driven by a loss of precision for retrieved memories, not necessarily by forgetting. On a trial-by-trial basis, fidelity of item and spatial information was more tightly bound in LTM compared to STM with this association being unaffected by age. Standard neuropsychological tests without demands on memory quality (digit span, verbal learning) were less sensitive to age effects than STM and LTM precision. Perceptual discrimination predicted mnemonic discrimination. Neuropsychological proxies for prefrontal executive functions correlated with STM, but not LTM fidelity. Conversely, neuropsychological indicators of hippocampal integrity correlated with mnemonic discrimination and precision of both STM and LTM, suggesting partially dissociable mechanisms of interindividual variability in STM and LTM fidelity. These findings suggest that reduced representational fidelity is a hallmark of cognitive aging across perception, STM, and LTM and can be observed from midlife onward. Continuous memory precision tasks may be promising for the early detection of subtle age-related cognitive decline.

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Self-Reference enhances memory for multi-element events judged likely to happen in young and older adults

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

Relational binding and holistic retrieval in ageing

Relational binding and holistic retrieval in ageing

Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan

Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan.

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