Self-recognition promotes the foreign antigen sensitivity of naive T lymphocytes

Abstract

A 72 kb region of BAC259.12D that encompasses the HAR1 locus was sequenced in its entirety using a DNA Sequencing Kit (PE Applied Biosystems) with an automated DNA sequencer (ABI PRISM 3100; PE Applied Biosystems). HAR1 complementary DNA was cloned from a cDNA library of L. japonicus shoots using DNA fragments of the first exon of the HAR1 gene obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from BAC259-12D. After sequencing the cDNA clone, the full-length cDNA sequence was determined by 5 0 rapid amplification of cloned ends (RACE) on L. japonicus shoot messenger RNA. The soybean gene showing the highest similarity with HAR1, G. max CLV1B, was amplified from the genomic DNA of a soybean cultivar Enrei and of a hypernodulating mutant, En6500, by PCR with a specific primer set designed from the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) database. They were sequenced using a DNA Sequencing Kit (PE Applied Biosystems) with an automated DNA sequencer. Complementation experimentsA SalI-PvuII fragment (12.5 kb) containing the entire HAR1 gene was excised from a BAC clone, 259-12D, and ligated into the SalI-SmaI site of binary vector pCAMBIA1301 (Cambia). It was transformed into A. tumefaciens AGL1 (provided by R. A. Ludwig) and used for transformation of har1-4 and har1-5. Transgenic plants were produced by the hypocotyl transformation procedure 30 , with hygromycin B as a selective marker. Seeds from transgenic lines were germinated in vermiculite pots, inoculated with M. loti strain TONO, and examined for plant growth and nodulation behaviour 24 days after inoculation.

Two‐photon analysis of calcium signals in T lymphocytes of intact lamina propria from human intestine

“…4 It has been shown that PB T cells are de-sensitized and need to be re-sensitized after entering lymph nodes or tissue [19]. Therefore, it would be interesting to compare sensitized T lymphocytes with LP T cells from inflamed intestinal tissue.…”

Normal hematopoiesis is maintained by activated bone marrow CD4+ T cells

“…Support data for this second hypothesis came from recent reports showing that dendritic cells signal to T cells in the absence of exogenous antigens and that self-recognition maintains CD4 ϩ T-cell clones in optimal state of antigen sensitivity. 37,38 To decide between the 2 hypotheses described above, we used the TCR transgenic mice DO11.10. 28 All the T cells present in these mice are CD4 ϩ and carry a TCR specific for OVAp ϩ I-A d , an antigen that is not present in BM microenvironment.…”

Organisms or biological individuals? Combining physiological and evolutionary individuality

“…The main difficulty is that the self-nonself theory grounds the question of the boundaries of a living thing in a question of origin: everything that comes from the outside triggers a rejection response, while everything that comes from the inside does not trigger an immune response. Yet self constituents can trigger immune responses in healthy conditions (Anderton and Wraith 2002;Wing and Sakaguchi 2010;Germain 2012;Wynn et al 2013) (Sakaguchi 2000;Bouneaud et al 2000;Stefanová et al 2002;Savill et al 2002;Taylor et al 2004;Sakaguchi 2006;Zehn and Bevan 2006;Germain 2012; Okabe and Medzhitov 2016) (this aspect was anticipated by Jerne (1974), and has been discussed by Tauber (1994) and Cohen (2000)). Moreover, many nonself constituents, including many microbes (as shown by recent work on symbiosis), are not rejected by the immune system (Hooper and Gordon 2001;Chu and Mazmanian 2013).…”