Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase from mechanically-activated Ti/Al/graphite powder mixture

Akhlaghi, Maryam; Tayebifard, Seyed Ali; Salahi, E.; Asl, Mehdi Shahedi; Schmidt, Gert

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.195

Cited by 130 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Then, the slurry powders were dried at 60°C in vacuum for 12 hours. After sieving (100 mesh), the mixture powders were placed in an alumina crucible without cold-compaction, 19,20,[31][32][33][34] and microwave sintered at different temperatures in the range 500°C-1500°C at intervals of 100°C and holding for 1 minutes to 60 minutes. The microwave sintering as performed under argon atmosphere using a 2.45 GHz multimode microwave sintering furnace (MWL0316V).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this limitation, | 779 CHEN Et al. In addition, Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), 19 mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MA-SHS), 20 and mechanically activated combustion synthesis (MA-CS). 18 However, it was found that Ti 3 AlC 2 powders tend to decomposition at high temperature and the synthesis reactions were difficult to control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 However, it was found that Ti 3 AlC 2 powders tend to decomposition at high temperature and the synthesis reactions were difficult to control. In addition, Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), 19 mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MA-SHS), 20 and mechanically activated combustion synthesis (MA-CS). 21 However, the purities of the products were poor with a lot of TiC remaining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Chen

Tang

Shi

et al. 2020

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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High-purity titanium aluminum carbide (Ti 3 AlC 2 ) powders were synthesized by a microwave sintering method using different titanium sources as raw materials. The prepared products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the synthesized Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have high purity (97.5%) and even distribution of the grain size when using a 3TiH 2 /1.2Al/2C mixture as raw materials when the microwave sintering temperature and time were 1300°C and 30 minutes, respectively. The formation mechanism of the Ti 3 AlC 2 is described as proceeding via four stages. The solid-phase reaction between titanium and aluminum occurs below the melting point of aluminum and the main product is a Ti 3 Al phase, which is an observed intermediate compound for the formation of Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 . Thus, this study provides a beneficial approach to low-temperature synthesis of high-purity Ti 3 AlC 2 materials. K E Y W O R D Shigh purity, MAX phases, microwave, powders, synthesis How to cite this article: Chen W, Tang J, Shi X, Ye N, Yue Z, Lin X. Synthesis and formation mechanism of high-purity Ti 3 AlC 2 powders by microwave sintering. Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2020;17:778-789. https ://doi.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Chen

Tang

Shi

et al. 2020

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…Since Ti 3 AlC 2 was firstly synthesized by sintering cold-compacted powder mixtures of Ti, TiAl, Al 4 C 3 , and C in pure hydrogen at 1300°C for 20 h [1], many different processes, such as self-propagating high-temperature synthesis [12], combustion synthesis [13], and pressureless sintering [14], have been attempted to synthesize Ti 3 AlC 2 powders in the past two decades [15]. However, the particle size of the prepared Ti 3 AlC 2 powder ranges from a few to dozens of micron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for the synthesis of nanosized Ti₃AlC₂powder in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Yang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Materials Research Letters

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Herein we report, a simple novel method to synthesize nanosized Ti 3 AlC 2 powder from Ti, Al, and C powders in NaCl-KCl molten salt. It is more conducive to the formation of Ti 3 AlC 2 at higher salt/precursor materials ratio and particle size of Ti 3 AlC 2 powder dramatically decreases with increasing mass ratio of the salt to precursor materials. Fine-grained Ti 3 AlC 2 powder is successfully synthesized at 950 • C for 5 h or at 1000 • C for 2 h with a salt/precursor materials ratio of 10:1. Ti 3 C 2 MXene is also prepared by etching fine-grained Ti 3 AlC 2 precursor in HF solution at 60°C for 2 h. IMPACT STATEMENT It is the first time that nanosized ternary carbide Ti 3 AlC 2 powder has been synthesized by a simple, high efficiency and relatively low-temperature process.

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“…In addition, the graphite or amorphous carbon black (CB) is mainly exploited as the carbon source for preparing TiC under an inert atmosphere [4,[7][8][9][10]. The general consensus is that graphite…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

Wang

Zhao

2019

Metals

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Ti/C blended powder is commonly employed as an initiating combustion agent for preparing calcium aluminate; a dedicated test system is exploited for real-time examining of the heat release of Ti/C blended powder during combustion under atmosphere conditions with an externally constant heat flux of 973 K, which is comprised of cone calorimeter, thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer, and a theoretical thermal calculation, with the aim of quantitatively illuminating its combustion mechanism in depth. Furthermore, a comparison of the heat release property of titanium powder blended with different carbon allotropes, including natural flaky graphite (FG), carbon black (CB), expandable graphite (EG), and vermicular graphite (VG) is preliminarily investigated, to clarify the effect of different carbon allotropes on the heat release property of Ti/C blended powder. It reveals that the oxidation reaction between Ti and O 2 initiates the subsequent combination of TiC through a thermal explosion reaction, using graphite (FG, VG, or EG) and Ti powder as the starting materials, respectively. Moreover, EG facilitates an accelerated (fire growth index of 0.42 kW·m −2 ·s −1 ) and enhanced peak heat release rate (pHRR) of 30.7 kW·m −2 at 73 s, while VG suppresses the heat release with the pHRR of 5.2 kW·m −2 at 64 s and fire growth index of 0.08 kW·m −2 ·s −1 , and FG favors the formation of TiC with a higher crystallinity from XRD. Additively, the prior NaOH-impregnation is favorable for the formation of TiC for Ti/CB blended powder, although the TiO 2 predominates final combustion production. It reveals the chemical evolution and mechanisms evolved in the formation of TiC during ignition.Metals 2019, 9, 981 2 of 16 contains expandable graphite (EG), vermicular graphite (VG), or expanded graphite after instantaneous expansion of EG, and natural flaky graphite (FG), which hold obviously different micro-structures and properties. Therefore, the various carbon sources affect the productions formed by SHS reaction [11]. It has been reported that the carbon nanotube and graphene as carbon sources impart enhanced tribological properties [12]; CB favors the formation of nano-metric TiC-carbon composite with a smaller particle size, as the most effective carbon allotrope for hindering the sintering of TiC under high temperature [13]. However, there is an interesting phenomenon-that the explosive reaction between graphite and titanium powder occurs under atmospheric pressure at 973 K with a transiently glaring flame, which inspired us to excavate its reaction mechanism, in order to explain the curious phenomenon.Consequently, the real-time measurement of heat release property involved in titanium blended with different carbon allotropes is preliminarily investigated, which is detected and recorded by cone calorimeter (CC) and thermal-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), respectively, using FG, CB, EG, and VG as different ...

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Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase from mechanically-activated Ti/Al/graphite powder mixture

Cited by 130 publications

References 20 publications

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

A simple method for the synthesis of nanosized Ti₃AlC₂powder in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

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Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase from mechanically-activated Ti/Al/graphite powder mixture

Cited by 130 publications

References 20 publications

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti3AlC2 powders by microwave sintering

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti3AlC2 powders by microwave sintering

A simple method for the synthesis of nanosized Ti3AlC2powder in NaCl–KCl molten salt

Real-Time Measurement on the Heat Release Property of Titanium Blended with Different Carbon Allotropes, under Externally Constant Heat Flux

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Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

Synthesis and formation mechanism of high‐purity Ti₃AlC₂ powders by microwave sintering

A simple method for the synthesis of nanosized Ti₃AlC₂powder in NaCl–KCl molten salt