Self-prioritization with unisensory and multisensory stimuli in a matching task

Desebrock, Clea

doi:10.3758/s13414-022-02498-z

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, our study found that, in Experiment 2, personal distance, in particular, self–friend distance and friend–stranger distance correlated with RT and d′ , respectively, when participants associated abstract quantities with the self or stranger (see ). At the surface, this is in line with previous research which found that a larger personal distance between the self and the stranger affects performance on the matching task (Desebrock, Spence, & Barutchu, 2022; Sui & Humphreys, 2015). However, in this study, the effect of personal distance was not observed when the participants paired the self with specific number symbols.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, self–friend difference predicted slower RTs specifically to small numbers paired with the self. Similarly, while previous studies found that empathy affects performance on the matching task (Desebrock, Spence, & Barutchu, 2022), no such effect was evident here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…This may have several reasons. First, research on individual differences in the SPE has typically focused on self-bias, a composite measure for the relative advantage for self-assigned compared to nonself-assigned stimuli (Desebrock, Spence, & Barutchu, 2022; Moseley et al, 2022; Sui & Humphreys, 2015). To avoid collapsing across the self/stranger assignment condition, this study did not use self-bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study also found that the self-advantage in a movement adaptation of the shape–label matching task was predicted by explicit empathy (Desebrock, Barutchu, & Spence, 2022). However, just as the SPE has been demonstrated to be sensitive to both stimuli and task parameters (e.g., Desebrock, Spence, & Barutchu, 2022; Golubickis & Macrae, 2021; Stolte et al, 2021), the associations between the SPE and subjective measures of self-as-object representations have also been shown to be inconsistent across studies (Sui & Humphreys, 2015, 2017b).…”

Section: Perspectives On the Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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More of me: Self-prioritization of numeric stimuli.

Keil,

Barutchu,

Desebrock

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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People process stimuli that have been arbitrarily associated with the self versus with a stranger preferentially, but congruence effects can modulate self-prioritization, as when the self is paired with, for example, symmetrical versus asymmetrical stimuli. In two experiments, we examined the interaction of self-prioritization with number magnitude when participants associated the self or a stranger with specific number symbols such as "2" presented as natural, negative, and ordinal number types (Experiment 1), or abstract numeric concepts, such as "larger than 5" (Experiment 2). Empathy and personal distance were also assessed. While self-prioritization emerged in both experiments, number type (natural, ordinal, and negative) had no effect on performance. Furthermore, correlations with empathy and personal distance did not emerge consistently. An interaction between number magnitude and self-assignment was observed for the magnitude comparison matching task (e.g., .5) (Experiment 2), but not in the specific number (e.g., "8") matching task (Experiment 1). The null interaction may reflect the fact that encoding symbol identity, but not number magnitude, was sufficient for the symbol-matching task. The order of numbers and self-associations also had an effect. In sum, this study is the first to show that self-prioritization emerges for symbolic numbers and can even occur with abstract categories, such as a range of numbers (e.g., .5). Furthermore, congruence effects between number concepts and labels (e.g., for the stranger, less is better) may also affect performance. However, this would appear to depend on the task context, such as whether numeric magnitude was needed to complete the task. Public Significance StatementThis study demonstrates self-prioritization when the self or a stranger is paired with symbolic numbers or more complex arithmetic concepts such as "larger than 5," highlighting the ubiquity of self-prioritization effects even in highly specialized processes like numeric cognition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectives On the Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

More of me: Self-prioritization of numeric stimuli.

Keil,

Barutchu,

Desebrock

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…Self-relevance has been demonstrated to confer a performance advantage across a diverse range of experimental tasks (e.g., Cunningham & Turk, 2017; Dalmaso et al, 2019; Desebrock et al, 2022; Golubickis & Macrae, 2021; Macrae et al, 2018; Moray et al, 1959; Rogers et al, 1977; Schäfer et al, 2016; Sui et al, 2013; Woźniak et al, 2018). The matching procedure first introduced by Sui and colleagues (Sui et al, 2012) now provides the standard method for those wanting to investigate the effects of self-relevance without the confounds of stimulus familiarity and overlearning.…”

Section: Self-bias and Lower And Higher Level Representations Of Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of empathy and perceived closeness on self- and friend-biases in arm movements.

Desebrock¹,

Barutchu²,

Spence³

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Manual motor responses to newly self-associated as compared with other-associated stimuli in a matching task are typically enhanced. However, little is known about the representations of self and other underlying these responses. An emerging theoretical view is that self-bias in these responses is not influenced by consciously accessible constructs of the self, such as explicit self-esteem, and instead reflects implicit (automatic and preconscious) self-related processing. An alternative view is that self-bias is influenced by explicit self-representations and self-reflective processing. To decide between these two accounts, we introduced the friend variable to a movement adaptation of the matching task and examined for the first time the relationship between self-bias and friend-stranger bias and subjective measures of empathy and personal distance (PD; the perceived closeness between others and the self). Associations were revealed between the subjective measures and the biases in the manual motor responses. Regression analyses revealed that empathy was a significant predictor of self-bias, and PD was a significant predictor of friend-stranger bias. These findings suggest that biases in matching task motor responses may be (directly or indirectly) influenced by explicit representations of the interrelations between others and the self. These biases may therefore not operate independently of higher level self-related constructs as has been suggested previously. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding the operation of different aspects of the self in cognition and action, and across divergent populations, for example, in autism spectrum disorder. Public Significance StatementResponses to newly self-as compared with other-associated stimuli in a matching task are typically enhanced. An emerging view suggests that self-biases are not influenced by consciously accessible constructs of the self, such as self-esteem. In a novel demonstration we show that this self-bias in rapid arm-movement responses is influenced by people's self-reported responsiveness to others (empathy). People's conscious perceptions of the closeness between the self and others also influenced friend-stranger bias. Contrary to previous thought, this study thus indicates a link between subjective perceptions of self-other relations and implicit self-and friend-stranger biases in manual responses. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding operation of the self in action through implicit and explicit representations of the interrelations between others and the self.

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