Self-Powered System with Wireless Data Transmission

Hu, Youfan; Zhang, Yan; Xu, Chen; Lin, Long; Snyder, Robert L.; Wang, Zhong Lin

doi:10.1021/nl201505c

Cited by 394 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The dominant UV emission peak is observed at around 380 nm, together with a rather weak visible emission at about 500 nm. Emission in the near-IR at around 760 nm for the ZnO nanowires grown on Au-coated ITO substrates is attributed to the second order feature of UV band-edge emission [353,354]. The blue-shift in the peak position of the near-band-edge exciton emission as the size of the nanowire decreases to below 10 nm is possibly due to a confinement effect [355].…”

Section: Photoluminescencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The powering of a nanosensor was a pivotal step towards building self-powered, solely nanowire-based nanosystems. Recently, nanogenerators based on a ZnO nanowiretextured thin film were shown to produce an alternating output voltage of 10 V, and after full wave charge rectification [515], wireless data transmission was realized [556].…”

Section: Self-powered Nanosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

2011

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One-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures have been studied intensively and extensively over the last decade not only for their remarkable chemical and physical properties, but also for their current and future diverse technological applications. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made within the context of 1D ZnO nanostructures synthesized via wet chemical methods. We will cover the synthetic methodologies and corresponding growth mechanisms, different structures, doping and alloying, positioncontrolled growth on substrates, and finally, their functional properties as catalysts, hydrophobic surfaces, sensors, and in nanoelectronic, optical, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting devices.

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Section: Photoluminescencementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Self-powered Nanosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

2011

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“…Thus, the output power needs to be regulated with an energy storage unit and a rectifier. 27 As for the energy storage device, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used and promising choice. 28 As the output (especially the current) from the arch-shaped TENG has reached the level to match the capacity of a LIB and overcome the self-discharge current, it will be feasible to use a TENG to charge a LIB.…”

Section: Nano Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Triboelectric-Effect-Enabled Energy Conversion for Sustainably Powering Portable Electronics

2012

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Harvesting energy from our living environment is an effective approach for sustainable, maintenance-free, and green power source for wireless, portable, or implanted electronics. Mechanical energy scavenging based on triboelectric effect has been proven to be simple, cost-effective, and robust. However, its output is still insufficient for sustainably driving electronic devices/systems. Here, we demonstrated a rationally designed arch-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by utilizing the contact electrification between a polymer thin film and a metal thin foil. The working mechanism of the TENG was studied by finite element simulation. The output voltage, current density, and energy volume density reached 230 V, 15.5 μA/cm 2 , and 128 mW/cm 3 , respectively, and an energy conversion efficiency as high as 10−39% has been demonstrated. The TENG was systematically studied and demonstrated as a sustainable power source that can not only drive instantaneous operation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but also charge a lithium ion battery as a regulated power module for powering a wireless sensor system and a commercial cell phone, which is the first demonstration of the nanogenerator for driving personal mobile electronics, opening the chapter of impacting general people's life by nanogenerators. KEYWORDS: Energy harvesting, triboelectric nanogenerator, self-powered system, lithium ion battery A rapid expansion of electronic devices 1−4 toward wireless, portability, and multifunction desperately needs the development of independent and maintenance-free power sources. 5−7 The emerging technologies for mechanical energy harvesting 8−10 are effective and promising approaches for building self-powered systems because of a great abundance of mechanical energy existing in our living environment and human body. Since 2006, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) 11−14 have been developed to efficiently convert tinyscale mechanical energy into electricity. Recently, another creative invention is the cost-effective and robust triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) 15−17 based on the universally known contact electrification effect. 18,19 TENG harvests mechanical energy through a periodic contact and separation of two polymer plates. However, in order to realize sustainable driving of electronic devices/systems, the output of TENG must be significantly improved through a rational design.The two different types of nanogenerators presented above have a similar underlying physical process 12,17 for producing electricity: generation of immobile charges (ionic charges for PNG or electrostatic charges on insulators for TENG), and a periodic separation and contact of the oppositely charged surfaces to change the induced potential across the electrodes, which will drive the flow of free electrons through an external load. The electrical output and efficiency are radically determined by the effectiveness of the above two processes.As for the charge generation in TENG, maximizing the generation of electrostatic charges on opposit...

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“…[4] Experimentally, it has been proved that ZnO NW based piezoelectric devices can generate a potential of a few volts. [15] This can be retrieved theoretically as long as there are no free carriers. However, experimentally prepared ZnO NWs are spontaneously n-type doped by impurities during their synthesis [16,17] and in such a case, screening by free carriers is expected to reduce drastically the piezoelectric response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Influence of Surface Fermi Level Pinning on the Piezoelectric Response of Semiconducting Nanowires

Tao

Mouis

Ardila

2017

Adv Elect Materials

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environment ever since they were first demonstrated. [4] Experimentally, it has been proved that ZnO NW based piezoelectric devices can generate a potential of a few volts. [15] This can be retrieved theoretically as long as there are no free carriers. However, experimentally prepared ZnO NWs are spontaneously n-type doped by impurities during their synthesis [16,17] and in such a case, screening by free carriers is expected to reduce drastically the piezoelectric response. There remain many such contradictions between experimental results and the present theoretical understanding of ZnO NW-based devices when realistic doping levels are considered. Chief among them are (1) decent and length-dependent performance of ZnO NWs, [18] while anticipations based on analytical and computational study showed that the output of NWs under compression were reduced to a few millivolts and presenting length-independent performance due to the screening effect; [19,20] (2) enhanced piezoelectric coefficients, [21] which were measured for ZnO NWs with diameter beyond the size effects anticipated by ab initio method; [22] and (3) dissymmetric piezoelectric response of bent nanogenerators (NGs) under tensile and compressive strain. [23] Relatively high potentials (>0.2 V) can be repeatedly obtained from NGs integrating long and large ZnO NWs [24][25][26][27] with presumably nonintentional doping. Increasing the doping concentration will reduce the generated piezopotential. [28] The nature of matrix material, as well as processing conditions, has been shown to play an important role. [24] (Table S1, Supporting Information).In this paper, we solve these contradictions by accounting for surface Fermi level pinning (SFLP). This effect commonly exists at the surface of III-V and II-VI semiconductor compounds. [29][30][31] At the surface of n-type ZnO NWs, oxygen molecules get negatively charged by capturing the free electrons from NW core. This forms a low-conductivity depletion layer near the surface, where the screening of piezoelectric potential by free carriers effect is suppressed. [30,[32][33][34][35][36] This effect has been used to neglect free carriers in most simulation studies dealing with the piezoelectric response of semiconducting nanowirebased devices. A few papers have accounted for free carriers, although without account for SFLP. [20,37] Here instead, full coupling between piezoelectric effect and semiconducting physics, including free carriers and SFLP, was considered.ZnO nanowires (NWs) are excellent candidates for the integration of energy harvesters, mechanical sensors, piezotronic and piezophototronic devices. However, ZnO NWs are usually nonintentionally n-doped during their growth. Thus, it can be expected theoretically that their piezoelectric response be degraded and mostly geometry-independent as a result of strong screening effects by free carriers, while experimentally many NW-based piezoelectric transducers demonstrate quite reasonable performance. In this paper, this apparent contradiction is explained by...

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Self-Powered System with Wireless Data Transmission

Cited by 394 publications

References 26 publications

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

One-dimensional ZnO nanostructures: Solution growth and functional properties

Nanoscale Triboelectric-Effect-Enabled Energy Conversion for Sustainably Powering Portable Electronics

Unveiling the Influence of Surface Fermi Level Pinning on the Piezoelectric Response of Semiconducting Nanowires

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