“Self pop-out”: agency enhances self-recognition in visual search

Salomon, Roy; Lim, Melanie; Kannape, Oliver Alan; Llobera, Joan; Blanke, Olaf

doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3549-6

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The VR literature contains many examples in which users take on virtual bodies that function differently than their physical world bodies. For example, Salomon, Lim, Kannape, Llobera, and Blanke (2013) used VR to examine participants' ability to recognize their avatar after delaying the avatars' movements from their physical world movements. As mentioned previously, Banakou, Groten, and Slater (2013) showed that embodying a child avatar influences adult users' perception of size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Does Virtual Embodiment Change Our Minds?

Bailey

Bailenson

Casasanto

2016

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

106

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Can an avatar's body movements change a person's perception of good and bad? We discuss virtual embodiment according to theories of embodied cognition (EC), and afferent and sensorimotor correspondences. We present an example study using virtual reality (VR) to test EC theory, testing the effect of altered virtual embodiment on perception. Participants either controlled an avatar whose arm movements were similar to their own or reflected the mirror opposite of their arm movements. We measured their associations of ''good'' and ''bad'' with the left and right (i.e., space-valence associations). This study demonstrated how VR could be used to examine the possible ways that systems of the body (e.g., visual, motor) may interact to influence cognition. The implications of this research suggest that visual feedback alone is not enough to alter space-valence associations. Multiple sensory experiences of media (i.e., sensorimotor feedback) may be necessary to influence cognition, not simply visual feedback.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Does Virtual Embodiment Change Our Minds?

Bailey

Bailenson

Casasanto

2016

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

106

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“…SoA has been suggested to be a basic mechanism allowing segregation of the self from the environment and conspecifics (Jeannerod, 2003;Salomon, 2017;Salomon, Lim, Kannape, Llobera, & Blanke, 2013;Tsakiris, Haggard, Franck, Mainy, & Sirigu, 2005). While volitional changes of self-other boundaries may have positive emotional effects (see, e.g., Colzato et al, 2012), unsolicited and temporally extended loss of SoA over one's actions may cause an unwilled reduction in self-other segregation, resulting in psychosis-like symptoms (Blanke et al, 2014;Salomon, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The boundaries of the self: The sense of agency across different sensorimotor aspects

Krugwasser

Harel²,

Salomon

2019

Journal of Vision

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The sense of agency (SoA) is the sensation of control over our actions. SoA is thought to rely mainly upon the comparison of predictions regarding the sensory outcomes of one's actions and the actual sensory outcomes. Previous studies have shown that when a discrepancy is introduced between one's actions and the sensory feedback, the reported SoA is reduced. Experimental manipulations of SoA are typically induced by introducing a discrepancy between a motor action and visual feedback of a specific sensorimotor aspect. For example, introducing a delay or a spatial deviation between the action and its sensory feedback reduces SoA. However, it is yet unclear whether the sensorimotor prediction processes underlying SoA are related between different aspects. Here in one exploratory and one preregistered experiment we tested the sense of agency across temporal, spatial, and anatomical aspects in a within-subject design. Using a novel virtual-reality task allowing the manipulation of the visual feedback of a motor action across different aspects, we show that the sensitivity of agency is different across aspects, agency judgments are correlated across aspects within subjects and bias toward attributing the viewed action to the self or to an external source is correlated as well. Our results suggest that sensorimotor prediction mechanisms underlying SoA are related between different aspects and that people have a predisposition for the directionality of agency judgments. These findings reveal the psychophysical attributes of SoA across sensorimotor aspects. Data and preregistration are available at https:// goo.gl/SkbGrb.

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“…body ownership [5]–[8]. Sense of body ownership also depends on the integration of motor signals [9]–[12], which by interaction with tactile perception, as in the case of self-touch, contributes to the self-awareness [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossing the Hands Increases Illusory Self-Touch

et al. 2014

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Manipulation of hand posture, such as crossing the hands, has been frequently used to study how the body and its immediately surrounding space are represented in the brain. Abundant data show that crossed arms posture impairs remapping of tactile stimuli from somatotopic to external space reference frame and deteriorates performance on several tactile processing tasks. Here we investigated how impaired tactile remapping affects the illusory self-touch, induced by the non-visual variant of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) paradigm. In this paradigm blindfolded participants (Experiment 1) had their hands either uncrossed or crossed over the body midline. The strength of illusory self-touch was measured with questionnaire ratings and proprioceptive drift. Our results showed that, during synchronous tactile stimulation, the strength of illusory self-touch increased when hands were crossed compared to the uncrossed posture. Follow-up experiments showed that the increase in illusion strength was not related to unfamiliar hand position (Experiment 2) and that it was equally strengthened regardless of where in the peripersonal space the hands were crossed (Experiment 3). However, while the boosting effect of crossing the hands was evident from subjective ratings, the proprioceptive drift was not modulated by crossed posture. Finally, in contrast to the illusion increase in the non-visual RHI, the crossed hand postures did not alter illusory ownership or proprioceptive drift in the classical, visuo-tactile version of RHI (Experiment 4). We argue that the increase in illusory self-touch is related to misalignment of somatotopic and external reference frames and consequently inadequate tactile-proprioceptive integration, leading to re-weighting of the tactile and proprioceptive signals.The present study not only shows that illusory self-touch can be induced by crossing the hands, but importantly, that this posture is associated with a stronger illusion.

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“Self pop-out”: agency enhances self-recognition in visual search

Abstract: distractors increased reaction times despite being more perceptually different than the spatial distractors. the findings demonstrate the importance of agency in self-recognition and self-other discrimination from movement in social settings.

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

When Does Virtual Embodiment Change Our Minds?

When Does Virtual Embodiment Change Our Minds?

The boundaries of the self: The sense of agency across different sensorimotor aspects

Crossing the Hands Increases Illusory Self-Touch

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