Case management (CM) is a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation, and advocacy for options and services to meet an individual's and family's comprehensive health needs through communication and available resources to promote the quality, cost-effective outcomes (Case Management Society of America, 2020) and widely accepted in healthcare practice. Under increasing pressure to control costs without compromising the quality of care, many policymakers and health system planners advocate CM. The literature shows that CM improves both beneficiaries' medical conditions (Joo & Huber, 2014) and decreases their total healthcare costs (Joo, 2014).In South Korea, medical aid (MA) is a public assistance scheme to secure low-income households' minimum living standard and assist with self-care by providing medical services. Because most MA beneficiaries are older, low educated, with low health literacy and have high healthcare demands due to increased age, multiple chronic