Self-perception of driving abilities in older age: A systematic review

Huang, Gaojian; Luster, Maya S.; Karagol, Ilayda; Park, Jun Woo; Pitts, Brandon J.

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.08.020

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In general, people tend to over-estimate their performance in many domains (Huang et al, 2020;Sunderaraman et al, 2020;Wöstmann et al, 2021); however, the degree of overestimation is the largest among the poorest performers. This phenomenon, known as the "Dunning-Kruger Effect" (Kruger and Dunning, 2000), has been demonstrated in laboratory studies as well as real-life tasks with college-aged students (e.g., performance on exams or debates; Miller and Geraci, 2011), and healthy adults in workplace settings (Ehrlinger et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of age on awareness of complex functional task performance has been studied in some specific contexts. For example, older adults, who overestimate abilities or have a greater discrepancy between self-ratings and those of an expert, also have a higher frequency of unsafe driving behaviors (Huang et al, 2020). Similarly, overestimation of financial abilities has been found to be associated with lower accuracy in financial decision-making (Sunderaraman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Awareness of Performance on a Functional Cognitive Performance-Based Assessment Across the Adult Lifespan

2021

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As people age, their cognitive skills and ability to complete complex instrumental activities of daily living often decline in subtle ways. Older adults who are aware of these slight cognitive and functional changes spontaneously adapt and implement strategies to maximize performance. On the other hand, older adults with limited self-awareness are less likely to adjust performance or initiate compensatory strategies as they may not recognize the need to do so. This places them at higher risk of functional decline and loss of independence. Research on awareness of functional performance in healthy adults is, however, limited, and there is a paucity of assessment tools available to address questions of awareness and strategy use in functional tasks. We used the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) – a performance-based assessment of functional cognition including measures of awareness and strategy use – to investigate differences in performance, awareness, and strategy use across the adult lifespan. The WCPA requires examinees to schedule appointments into a weekly calendar while following rules designed to increase task demands. Healthy adults (n=342) from ages 18–92 were observed for strategy use and error recognition, while a post-test interview probed participants’ reported strategy use and estimation of accuracy. The discrepancy between participant estimation and actual accuracy provided a measure of online awareness of performance where a larger estimation discrepancy indicated over-estimation of performance. Performance on the WCPA declined across the adult lifespan. Older adults were less likely to use self-monitoring strategies and used less effective strategies overall. Overestimation was associated with use of fewer strategies and lower accuracy in all age groups. Importantly, twice as many older adults overestimated compared to younger adults. Furthermore, the subset of older adults who had good awareness of performance was more likely to use effective strategies, to recognize errors, and achieved accuracy on par with their younger counterparts. Our results emphasize the importance of examining self-awareness of performance and analyzing the strategies used to perform a complex functional task. This information can provide a foundation for early detection of functional decline in aging and for designing interventions to maximize functional independence in aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of Performance on a Functional Cognitive Performance-Based Assessment Across the Adult Lifespan

2021

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“…Even following the actual on-road performance, the unfit-to-drive group did not change their estimation of their driving, and it was similar to that of the fit-to-drive group. Older drivers, regardless of health status, tend to highly rate and overestimate their driving ability ( 36 , 40 , 41 ). Moreover, Kosuge and colleagues ( 41 ) report that older drivers who overestimate their performance are likely to drive faster and pay less attention to road signs, supporting a previous study that suggested that inaccurate self-assessments of driving abilities are associated with traffic violations ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-awareness predicts fitness to drive among adults referred to occupational therapy evaluation

Rosenfeld

Goverover

Weiss

2022

Front. Rehabilit. Sci.

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BackgroundDriving is associated with independence, well-being, quality of life, and an active lifestyle. Driving requires cognitive, motor, and visual skills, including self-awareness and processing speed. This study examines whether driver self-awareness, motor processing speed, and cognitive processing speed can predict fitness to drive among individuals referred to occupational therapy evaluation due to concerns about their driving ability.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, 39 participants were referred to off- and on-road driving evaluation to determine their fitness to drive due to changes in health status, advanced age, license renewal requirement, or prior automobile accidents. A registered occupational therapist (OT) classified 23 of the participants as fit to drive and 16 as unfit to drive. Motor and cognitive processing speed were assessed by the Stationary Perception-Reaction Timer and the Color Trails Test, respectively. Driving self-awareness was assessed by comparing the DI and OT evaluations to the participants' estimation of their own on-road driving performance.ResultsThe fit-to-drive participants had a better motor and cognitive processing speed than those unfit-to-drive. The unfit-to-drive group overestimated their driving ability, whereas the fit-to-drive group accurately or almost accurately estimated their driving ability. Driving self-awareness was a significant predictor of participants' fitness to drive.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of self-awareness for predicting fitness to drive among people at risk for compromised driving skills. Thus, driving self-awareness should be addressed as part of fitness-to-drive evaluations and interventions.

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“…A lot more factors need to be considered for designing the parking assistance for elderly drivers in comparison with the younger generations. Not only has it been reported that age-related narrowing of the visual field has a negative impact on driving skills [29], elderly drivers tend to be overconfident in their own driving skills [37]. Furthermore, appropriate countermeasures need to be considered when conducting experiments using driving simulators, because elderly subjects have been shown to experience simulator sickness more often than younger subjects [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in Perpendicular Reverse Parking by Directing Drivers’ Preliminary Behavior

et al. 2021

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Driving vehicles requires mastery of a multitude of tasks. Among these, parking is one task that most drivers feel they are not as skilled as they would like to be. In this paper, we focus on improvement of reverse perpendicular parking performance. We began our research by conducting fixed-point observations in a private parking lot to analyze parking behavior in situ. Our analysis indicated that the start position of reversing is the most important aspect of successfully navigating into a target parking space. We then examined the effect of delivering instructions to assist in preliminary vehicle control by giving a target drawn on the road using a head-mounted display-based driving simulator. The results indicated that explicit instructions improve the parking performance for spatial offset, but the effect on the time required for the task could not be clearly confirmed. In summary, directing drivers to alter their preliminary behavior in the perpendicular parking task might be practically useful for improving their performance.

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Self-perception of driving abilities in older age: A systematic review

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Awareness of Performance on a Functional Cognitive Performance-Based Assessment Across the Adult Lifespan

Awareness of Performance on a Functional Cognitive Performance-Based Assessment Across the Adult Lifespan

Self-awareness predicts fitness to drive among adults referred to occupational therapy evaluation

Improvements in Perpendicular Reverse Parking by Directing Drivers’ Preliminary Behavior

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