Self perception and facial emotion perception of others in anorexia nervosa

Phillipou, Andrea; Abel, Larry A; Castle, David; Hughes, Matthew; Gurvich, Caroline; Nibbs, Richard; Rossell, Susan L.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01181

Cited by 41 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Negative words concerning interpersonal relationships were associated with increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus in AN [55]. Patients with AN also showed increased activation in the fusiform gyrus in an implicit facial expression task [32] and increased activity in right inferior and middle temporal gyri and right lingual gurys in response to own face stimuli [56]. In AN-REC, an emotional conflict task resulted in less activation in the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus and basal ganglia [57] while another study found no significant differences between AN-REC and healthy controls during viewing of fearful and happy faces [58].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa: a scoping review

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundNeuroimaging allows for the identification of brain abnormalities and alterations that are associated with anorexia nervosa (AN). We performed a scoping review to map out the extent and nature of recent research activity on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals diagnosed with, or recovered from, AN (AN-REC).Main textA literature search of PubMed, Psychinfo and Embase was conducted using the search terms “anorexia nervosa” AND “functional magnetic resonance imaging.” We included fMRI studies that involved a comparison between individuals with AN or AN-REC and healthy controls published in English language between 2010 and 2015. A total of 49 papers were included, regardless of the experimental stimuli or paradigm.ConclusionsFindings varied considerably across studies, reflecting methodological differences in study design, such as sample differences and experimental paradigms. Collectively, studies published during the past five years suggest altered activation in regions related to the fronto-striato and the limbic circuits, which are theorized to have an important role in the pathophysiology of AN.

show abstract

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa: a scoping review

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These are as follows: (1) hyperscanning (i.e. increased fixations of shorter duration) during two different tasks of face and body viewing, respectively (Phillipou et al, 2015a(Phillipou et al, , 2015b; (2) shorter prosaccade latencies (Phillipou et al, 2016); (3) increased inhibitory errors on a memory-guided saccade (oculomotor delayed response) task (Phillipou et al, 2016); and (4) increased rate of saccadic intrusions, called square wave jerks, during a fixation task, which in combination with anxiety levels were identified as a potential biomarker of AN (Phillipou et al, 2014b).These findings have encouraged the development of a hypothesis for a novel neurobiological underpinning to AN, and have implicated a brain region and neurotransmitter system in the aetiology of the illness that have been previously overlooked. Although further research is required to gain a better understanding of how these findings relate to AN symptomatology, they do emphasise the need for more high-quality studies aimed at elucidating the role of specific brain regions and neurotransmitter systems in this illness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The eyes have it: Eye movements and anorexia nervosa

Phillipou

Rossell

Gurvich

et al. 2016

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a significant mental health issue, yet little is known regarding the underlying factors that contribute to illness onset and maintenance. AN has the highest death rate of any mental illness and a recovery rate of less than 50% in surviving patients. Thus gaining an understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of this condition is of great importance for tailoring appropriate treatments for this illness. To date, the scientific study of AN is considerably variable with few empirical findings being consistently reported. This has been particularly true in relation to the illness' underlying neurobiology. Unlike many other psychiatric conditions, the brain regions and neurotransmitter systems involved in the illness are unknown. A key review published by our group in ANZJP (Phillipou et al., 2014a) highlighted the lack of consistency of the neurobiological literature in AN, and emphasised the need to utilise tasks known to employ specific brain networks to uncover the neurobiological underpinnings of this illness. This was the specific aim of our recent research programme in which we compared patients with AN to healthy individuals on a range of saccadic eye movement tasks. Saccadic eye movement tasks are well-characterised research tools frequently utilised in psychiatric populations to understand cognitive deficits while drawing inferences about compromised neural pathways. Our recent research programme was the first detailed analysis of saccadic eye movements in AN.Eye movements have been thoroughly assessed in aetiological investigations of other psychiatric and neurological conditions, providing valuable information on brain regions and neurotransmitter involvement in these illnesses. The neural circuitry of saccadic eye movements is well understood, and deficits in different saccadic parameters (e.g. error rate, latency, gain and peak velocity) are indicative of specific neurobiological abnormalities. Collectively, our recent research has identified four saccadic eye movement abnormalities in AN, all of which are consistent with saccadic disinhibition and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the superior colliculus (SC). These are as follows: (1) hyperscanning (i.e. increased fixations of shorter duration) during two different tasks of face and body viewing, respectively (Phillipou et al., 2015a(Phillipou et al., , 2015b; (2) shorter prosaccade latencies (Phillipou et al., 2016); (3) increased inhibitory errors on a memory-guided saccade (oculomotor delayed response) task (Phillipou et al., 2016); and (4) increased rate of saccadic intrusions, called square wave jerks, during a fixation task, which in combination with anxiety levels were identified as a potential biomarker of AN (Phillipou et al., 2014b).These findings have encouraged the development of a hypothesis for a novel neurobiological underpinning to AN, and have implicated a brain region and neurotransmitter system in the aetiology of the illness that have been previously overlooked. Although further researc...

show abstract

“…The authors refer to their recent work (Toh et al, 2017a) as supporting two patterns in BDD: those who focus on perceived flaws and those who avoid them. Yet, at the same time, they note that in their study in AN there was an avoidance of salient facial features (Phillipou et al, 2015). Nevertheless, heterogeneity of BDD behaviors seems plausible; Grocholewski et al, 2012) previously speculated three groups: those with high number of fixations and lower total duration time, those who gaze longer per fixation at each misperceived defect, and those who avoid looking at such areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%