Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena.

Daryl, J.

doi:10.1037/h0024835

Cited by 2,505 publications

(1,300 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…If a clinician, for instance, only encourages discussion about reasons for living, an ambivalent client may express his reasons for dying to ensure that the clinician understands how he feels. According to Self-Perception Theory, people who are ambivalent about an issue determine what they believe by listening to themselves (Bem, 1967). Thus, by exclusively talking about reasons for living, clinicians may inadvertently pressure clients to talk about reasons for dying, providing them with the opportunity to convince themselves that they indeed have reasons to die.…”

Section: Motivational Interviewing (Mi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Suicide

Britton

Patrick

Wenzel

et al. 2011

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in preventing suicide-related behavior. However, it is often difficult to engage patients who are at-risk in treatment. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has been shown to increase treatment engagement and improve treatment outcomes when it is used to complement other treatments. As a general theory of human motivation that is consistent with MI, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a framework for understanding how MI may be added to CBT to increase treatment engagement and effectiveness. In this paper, we use SDT to explain how MI may complement CBT to reduce suicide-related behavior, provide a case example of using MI with a suicidal patient before CBT-based treatment, and explore future directions for research.In the United States, over 300,000 people died by suicide between 1995 and 2005, making suicide a major public health concern (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Although an estimated 90% of individuals who die from suicide suffer from one or more mental disorders, up to 65% never receive psychological or psychiatric treatment (Cavanagh, Carson, Sharpe, & Lawrie, 2003). Psychosocial interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are effective in reducing suicide-related behaviors (CBT; Tarrier, Taylor, & Gooding, 2008); thus, it is important to use theoretically and empirically supported methods to ensure that at-risk clients receive effective mental health treatment. Motivational Interviewing (MI;Miller & Rollnick, 2002) has been shown to increase treatment engagement and improve treatment outcomes when it is used to complement other treatments (Hettema, Steele, & Miller, 2005). However, MI is a clinical approach that currently lacks an underlying theory to explain the mechanisms by which it functions. As a general theory of human motivation that is consistent with the underlying principles of MI, Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2002) provides a framework for understanding the manner in which MI can be integrated with CBT to increase treatment Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Peter C. Britton, Ph.D., Center of Excellence, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 14424. peter.britton@va.gov. U.S. Department of Veterans AffairsPublic Access Author manuscript Cogn Behav Pract. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 October 19. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to Reduce Suicidal BehaviorIn a recent meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), CBT was found to reduce suicide-related behavior (i.e., death by suicide, suicide attempts, suicide intent and/or plans, and ideation) in the 3 months following treatment (Tarrier et al., 2008). The primary cognitive behavioral interventions that were represented in the study included Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), problem-solving therapy, and Cognitive Therapy (CT). Although the findings were promising, a review of the major studies suggested that attrition was a common problem. For example, in Brown's ...

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Section: Motivational Interviewing (Mi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Suicide

Britton

Patrick

Wenzel

et al. 2011

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice

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“…Although not a theory of confidence per se, self-perception theory (e.g., Bem, 1967) is one perspective applied to eyewitness confidence. Shaw, Zerr, and Woythaler (2001) posited that people's internal ratings of eyewitness confidence differed from what they were willing to admit publicly.…”

Section: Existing Theories Applied To Confidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Witness self‐efficacy: Development and validation of the construct

Cramer

Neal

DeCoster

et al. 2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The present study used a Self-Efficacy Theory (SET; Bandura, 1977Bandura, , 1986 framework to address the need for an outcome measure in witness preparation training. The construct of Witness Self-Efficacy, broadly defined as a witness's perceived ability to testify in court, was developed drawing largely on existing self-efficacy literature. The goal of the study was to establish initial psychometric properties for the Witness Self-Efficacy Scale (WSES).Participants acting either as mock witnesses or jurors took part in a two-phase study.First, 41 mock witnesses were asked to provide a written account of being falsely accused of an act. They were then briefly deposed about the account, and completed the WSES and construct validity questionnaires. Mock witnesses finally testified under cross-examination from a mock attorney about the accusations. In the second portion, a total of 290 mock jurors (six to eight per group) observed videotaped testimonies of participants from phase one. Mock jurors then provided predictive validity ratings of witness credibility, believability, innocence likelihood, efficacy, and agreement with testimony.Bi-variate correlation analyses showed that the WSES was significantly positively related with general self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, and general self-confidence. The WSES was significantly negatively related to introversion. The scale displayed non-significant relations with social desirability, depression, self-esteem, and innocence expectancy. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the scale failed to predict any of the primary mock juror ratings.Follow-up multivariate regression analyses showed that mock juror ratings of witness confidence iii and the WSES predicted dependent measures, although these independent variables were collinear. Finally, there was an interaction between self and observer ratings of the WSES as it predicted witness credibility.Results are discussed with regard to theoretical and applied implications. Contrary to SET, self-reported WSE appears to be largely correlated with confidence and fails to predict outcomes on its own. Concerning witness preparation, the WSES possesses solid construct validity and reliability, but requires further testing within a witness preparation training model to assess its practical utility. A self-efficacy based method of witness preparation is proposed as a manner of continued research using the WSES.

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“…Notwithstanding, although recall bias cannot be ruled out, previous studies using self-reports suggest a high validity with respect to data obtained through self-perception, through an individual's ability to respond differentially to his own behavior and its controlling variables 14 . Indeed, this technique has been shown to be useful for evaluating several health areas 15,16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of the challenge is to develop meaningful and valid endpoints that capture the complexity of women's sexual response. In these circumstances, self-perception may be useful in explaining behavior and interpreting experiences, as well as for predicting future issues 14 . Such observations would generate useful data, as it has already been shown in a variety of situations 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-perception of sexual life and associated factors: a population study conducted in women aged 50 or more years

Valadares¹,

Machado²,

Osis³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of women aged 50 years or more who are sexually active and their self-perception with respect to their sexual lives. Associated factors were also assessed. METHODS: A cross-sectional, populationbased, self-reported household survey involving 622 Brazilian women aged 50 years or more. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors were evaluated. The sexual life self-perception was classified as very good, good, fair, poor, or very poor. Data were analyzed using the χ 2 test, Fisher's exact test, and Poisson multiple regression analysis. Prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. RESULTS: Of the women in this sample, 228 (36.7%) reported having a sexual life and, of these, 53.5% classified it as very good or good, while 46.5% considered it fair, poor, or very poor. The bivariate analysis indicated that being postmenopausal (p=0.025) and using natural remedies to treat the menopause (p=0.035) were factors associated with the woman classifying their sexual lives as fair, poor, or very poor. Multiple regression analysis showed that more women who had used or were currently using natural remedies for the menopause scored their sexual lives as fair, poor, or very poor. CONCLUSIONS: More than half the women aged 50 years or more in this study were not sexually active. A poorer sexual life self-perception was associated with the use of natural remedies to treat menopausal symptoms. This may indicate a need to improve the way in which these women are evaluated and treated. Women's assessment of their own sexual lives may prove a useful tool in clinical practice. ResumoOBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de vida sexual em mulheres de 50 anos de idade ou mais, assim como avaliar sua autopercepção em relação à vida sexual e os fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base-populacional, por meio de autorrelato em pesquisa domiciliar, envolvendo 622 mulheres brasileiras de 50 anos de idade ou mais. Fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e comportamentais foram avaliados. A autopercepção da vida sexual foi classificada como muito boa, boa, regular, ruim ou muito ruim. Os dados foram analisados usando-se o teste do χ 2 , o teste exato de Fisher e a análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson. As razões de prevalência e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados. RESULTADOS: Das mulheres nesta amostra, 228 (36,7%) relataram ter vida sexual e, destas, 53,5% classificaram-na como muito boa ou boa, enquanto 46,5% consideraram-na regular, ruim ou muito ruim. A análise bivariada indicou que estar na pós-menopausa (p=0,025) e usar remédios naturais para tratamento da menopausa (p=0,035) foram os fatores associados com a classificação da vida sexual pelas mulheres como regular, ruim ou muito ruim. A análise de regressão múltipla mostrou que mulheres que tinham usado ou usavam atualmente remédios naturais para o tratamento da menopausa classificaram sua vida sexual como regular, ruim ou muito ruim. CONCLUSÕES: Mais da metade das mulheres de 50 ano...

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Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena.

Cited by 2,505 publications

References 33 publications

Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Suicide

Integrating Motivational Interviewing and Self-Determination Theory With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Suicide

Witness self‐efficacy: Development and validation of the construct

Self-perception of sexual life and associated factors: a population study conducted in women aged 50 or more years

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