Self-perceived halitosis and related factors among adults residing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study

AlSadhan, Salwa A.

doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2016.06.001

Cited by 34 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Oral hygiene habits such as toothbrushing and dental flossing were also associated with self‐reported halitosis in the present study (model 1 and model 3). This is in accordance with previous studies (AlSadhan, ; Lopes et al, ) that also reported an association with tongue cleaning. However, Milanesi et al () demonstrated that any mouthwash use, frequency of toothbrushing, interproximal cleaning and tongue cleaning were not retained in the final model for self‐reported halitosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Predictors associated with self‐reported halitosis also varied among studies, but included some demographic data such as age, gender, educational level and family income (AlSadhan, ; Milanesi et al, ; Youngnak‐Piboonratanakit & Vachirarojpisan, ). In the present study, educational level and family income were retained in the final model (model 1) for the self‐reported measure 1 and age and gender were retained in the final model (model 3) for the self‐reported measure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐reported halitosis in a sample of Brazilians: Prevalence, associated risk predictors and accuracy estimates with clinical diagnosis

Faria

Costa

Silveira

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aims:To evaluate the prevalence of self-reported halitosis and its predictors, and to determine the accuracy estimates of self-reported measures with clinical evaluation of halitosis. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study comprised 5,420 individuals (teaching staff, administrative personnel and ongoing students from Federal University of Minas Gerais), who answered a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic, medical and dental data, and self-reported halitosis measures.A subsample (n = 159) underwent halitosis assessment through the organoleptic method. Predictors for self-reported halitosis were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses. Accuracy estimates of self-reported measures were evaluated in this subsample.Results: Prevalence of self-reported halitosis varied from approximately 4%-35%, depending on the self-reported measure. Self-reported halitosis was mainly associated with socio-economic variables (age, gender, educational level), parameters of oral health (gingival bleeding, gingival infections, tongue coating, general oral health evaluation) and impacts on daily activities (family/social environment and intimate relations). Specificity values for self-reported halitosis measures were determined to be high for clinical (organoleptic score ≥2) and strong (organoleptic score ≥4) halitosis. Combinations of self-reported measures retrieved useful accuracy estimates for strong halitosis. Conclusion:Prevalence rates of self-reported halitosis may be considered moderate.Accuracy diagnostic estimates were determined to be useful, with good prediction for non-diseased individuals. K E Y W O R D Sepidemiology, halitosis, prevalence, risk factors, self-report, sensitivity and specificity

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐reported halitosis in a sample of Brazilians: Prevalence, associated risk predictors and accuracy estimates with clinical diagnosis

Faria

Costa

Silveira

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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“…[ 14 ] Recently, AlSadhan reported the presence of self-perceived halitosis in 22.8% of study participants (aged 17–65 years) in Saudi Arabia. [ 15 ] The prevalence of self-reported halitosis was 28.3% in Turkish individuals aged >55 years. [ 16 ] The prevalence rates range from 20% to >50% of world population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of halitosis (oral malodor) and associated factors among dental students and interns, Lahore, Pakistan

2017

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Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of halitosis and the factors associated with it among dental students and interns in Lahore, Pakistan.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was chosen, and a sample of dental students and interns was collected from seven dental colleges in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 833 participants were approached in person as convenient sample population. A self-reported questionnaire was administered and informed consent was obtained. The associations between oral malodor and different variables of the study were explored using analytical statistics (Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis). Statistical significance was determined using a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:Six hundred and fifteen participants (aged 19–27 years) completed the survey with a response rate of 73.8%. The prevalence of self-reported halitosis was 75.1%. More female (51.4%) than male students (23.7%) reported oral malodor, and most participants (61%) reported early morning halitosis. Thirteen percent of respondents had examination for oral malodor by a dentist and 37.6% treated the condition with self-medication. Binary logistic regression model showed that male gender (odds ratio [OR] =0.44, CI = 0.22–0.87), daily use of dental floss (OR = 0.28, CI = 0.13-0.58), and drinking tea with mint (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.22–0.89) were significantly associated with oral malodor. The participants with tongue coating had higher odds (OR = 2.75, CI = 1.13–6.69) of having oral malodor than those without tongue coating, and the association was statistically significant.Conclusions:The study identified high prevalence of oral malodor among dental students and interns. They should receive appropriate diagnosis and management of the condition from dentist. The regular use of dental floss and removal of tongue coating can significantly reduce halitosis.

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“…Orthodontists should be aware that patients under routine therapy may be affected by inappropriate oral health procedures, which can cause oral malodor, leading to personal discomfort and even social embarrassment. 20,22 The hypothesis formulated was confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In this investigation, malodor was related to inadequate oral hygiene practices, which is consistent with the findings of other studies; however, those studies did not consider adolescents under orthodontic therapy. 20,21 With regard to the sample's social demographics, although the subjects had middle education, it was deduced that they were not fully aware of oral malodor etiopathogeny and, consequently, its management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of tongue scraper in reducing halitosis in orthodontic patients: a clinical study

Mattos¹,

Neves²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2019

j.rpemd

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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of tongue-scraping procedures as part of an oral hygiene education program on patients with fixed conventional orthodontic appliances who were affected by oral malodor. Methods: A sample of 40 fixed-orthodontic patients (14 to 18 years old) was recruited in a private dentistry office. Participants were included in an oral-hygiene education program, and then data were collected, based on interviews, tongue coating detection, and halitosis measurement. After 27 days, these parameters were evaluated again. Data normality was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test for the quantitative variables. The difference between before and after the education intervention was tested by the McNemar test, the Kappa statistic for the categorical variables, and the Wilcoxon test for the quantitative variable. Significance was determined at a 5% (α=0.05) confidence level. Results: The oral hygiene program applied to orthodontic patients positively impacted on halitosis self-perception, oral malodor measurement (75%), and tongue coating score (100%). Conclusions: The oral hygiene program, including tongue-scraping procedures, reduced bad odor among orthodontic patients.

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Self-perceived halitosis and related factors among adults residing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study

Abstract: The prevalence of self-perceived halitosis among the population in Riyadh is within the range reported in other countries. Self-perceived halitosis is related to gender, inadequate oral hygiene practices and cigarettes and shisha smoking however, it is not related to age.

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Self‐reported halitosis in a sample of Brazilians: Prevalence, associated risk predictors and accuracy estimates with clinical diagnosis

Self‐reported halitosis in a sample of Brazilians: Prevalence, associated risk predictors and accuracy estimates with clinical diagnosis

The prevalence of halitosis (oral malodor) and associated factors among dental students and interns, Lahore, Pakistan

Effectiveness of tongue scraper in reducing halitosis in orthodontic patients: a clinical study

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