Self, Other, Play, Display and Humanity: Development of a Five-Level Model for the Analysis of Ethical Arguments in the Athletic Enhancement Debate

Tolleneer, Jan; Schotsmans, Paul

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5101-9_2

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We do this in accordance with the model by Tolleneer and Schotsmans 35. They contrasted the conservative and liberal positions on five levels, according to what is ethically at stake when one decides to dope or not to dope: (1) the athlete (self), (2) the opponent (other), (3) the sport (play), (4) the spectator sport (display) and (5) being human (humanity).…”

Section: An Alternative Doping Policymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…They contrasted the conservative and liberal positions on five levels, according to what is ethically at stake when one decides to dope or not to dope: (1) the athlete (self), (2) the opponent (other), (3) the sport (play), (4) the spectator sport (display) and (5) being human (humanity). Our analysis responds to criticisms of harm reduction for doping, such as that the only stakeholders considered so far were the athlete and any (medical) advisors;36 however, there is certainly more at stake 12 35. We first draw on the literature of harm reduction elsewhere in society, specifically in the realm of (il)licit ‘recreational’ drugs; we then explore the introduction of such principles for doping according to the model by Tolleneer and Schotsmans.…”

Section: An Alternative Doping Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tolleneer and Schotsmans35 discussed arguments for and against doping, scrutinising respect and moral responsibility on the following five levels: (1) What does doping mean for the athlete (the self)? (2) How does it impact other athletes (the other)?…”

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the liberal side, sample arguments include that doping helps in fulfilling personal aspirations (self), guarantees equal opportunities (other), aligns sports with other cultural phenomena (play), reinforces the heroic character of sports (display) and fulfils the mission to push frontiers (humanity). On the conservative side, sample arguments are that doping threatens one’s health (self), reduces the opponent’s chances (other), undermines the spirit of sports (play), creates negative role models (display) and defiles human nature (humanity) 35. For each level, we discuss what a more intermediate stance of a relaxed antidoping rule with a harm-reduction approach could mean.…”

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As recognised by Tolleneer and Schotsmans,35 the doping debate reaches beyond sports because it concerns the general human enhancement debate 46. The conservative standpoint says doping is short changing humanity and defiling human nature.…”

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Ethics of a relaxed antidoping rule accompanied by harm-reduction measures

Kayser

Tolleneer

2017

J Med Ethics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Harm-reduction approaches are used to reduce the burden of risky human behaviour without necessarily aiming to stop the behaviour. We discuss what an introduction of harm reduction for doping in sports would mean in parallel with a relaxation of the antidoping rule. We analyse what is ethically at stake in the following five levels: (1) What would it mean for the athlete (the self)? (2) How would it impact other athletes (the other)? (3) How would it affect the phenomenon of sport as a game and its fair play basis (the play)? (4) What would be the consequences for the spectator and the role of sports in society (the display)? and (5) What would it mean for what some consider as essential to being human (humanity)? For each level, we present arguments for and against doping and then discuss what a harm-reduction approach, within a dynamic regime of a partially relaxed antidoping rule, could imply. We find that a harm-reduction approach is morally defensible and potentially provides a viable escape out of the impasse resulting from the impossibility of attaining the eradication of doping. The following question remains to be answered: Would a more relaxed position, when combined with harm-reduction measures, indeed have less negative consequences for society than today's all-out antidoping efforts that aim for abstinence? We provide an outline of an alternative policy, allowing a cautious step-wise change to answer this question and then discuss the ethical aspects of such a policy change.

show abstract

Section: An Alternative Doping Policymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: An Alternative Doping Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Five-level Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ethics of a relaxed antidoping rule accompanied by harm-reduction measures

Kayser

Tolleneer

2017

J Med Ethics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Conceptualizing the Right to Sport: Why Should Trivial Participation in Sport Be Regarded as a Human Right?

Di Marco

2024

Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Considering its extraordinary capacity to be a vehicle of rights, and to give meaning to reality, sport is among the most important trivial subjects in the world. Discriminated groups, which are denied (or substantially limited) access to the practice of sport, demand not only their right to participate in sporting activities but also the recognition of this claim as valid by society and public authorities. This chapter proposes the idea that expanding the catalogue of human rights, by including the right to sport, is supported by the existing body of international human rights law. It would reinforce the protection of human rights in sporting contexts by enhancing the unity of fragmented claims founded on a plurality of legal instruments. Taking into consideration the thesis that inclusive and non-discriminatory access to sporting activities would be an amalgamation of several treaty-based rights, the legal foundations of the right to sport are explained and evaluated. By verifying the legal relationship between access to sporting activities and sport’s social functions, the beneficiaries of such a right are investigated, and the obligations for national and sporting authorities are explored. By arguing that the right to pursue personal development would play a central role, while the right to health and education would be complementary, this chapter strives to answer the essential ethical question of why the trivial participation in sport should be considered an inherent right of the human being, cutting through the considerable confusion surrounding the right to sport.

show abstract

Sport and democracy: Philosophical trends and educational challenges in contemporary society

Frías

Isidori

2014

CCD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper argues that sport may be a useful educational tool for our liberal-democratic societies. To demonstrate this claim, we first analyse the controversial issue of whether or not sports are serious activities linked to the larger society and their values. Second, we argue that sport has always had such a connection with society since ancient times. Third, we show that the origin of both politics and philosophy was linked to several forces and attitudes pertaining to sport. Fourth, we show that such forces and attitudes are still at the core of contemporary sport. As a result, we defend that we can still use sports to enhance the quality of our liberal-democratic societies.Key words: Sport, philosophy, democracy, education, society. ResumenEste artículo defiende que el deporte puede ser una herramienta educativa útil para nuestras sociedades democrático-liberales. Con el fin de demostrar esta posibilidad, primero analizamos la cuestión de si el deporte es una actividad seria que está ligada a nuestra sociedad y a sus valores. En segundo lugar, defendemos que el deporte siempre ha tenido dicha conexión desde tiempos antiguos. Tercero, mostramos que tanto el origen de la política como el de la filosofía estuvo motivado por fuerzas que pertenecieron, en principio, al deporte griego. Por último, mostramos que estas fuerzas aún se encuentran a la base de nuestro deporte contemporáneo. Por lo tanto, aún pueden ser usadas para mejorar la calidad de nuestras sociedades democrático-liberales.Palabras clave: Deporte, filosofía, democracia, educación, sociedad.

show abstract

Self, Other, Play, Display and Humanity: Development of a Five-Level Model for the Analysis of Ethical Arguments in the Athletic Enhancement Debate

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Ethics of a relaxed antidoping rule accompanied by harm-reduction measures

Ethics of a relaxed antidoping rule accompanied by harm-reduction measures

Conceptualizing the Right to Sport: Why Should Trivial Participation in Sport Be Regarded as a Human Right?

Sport and democracy: Philosophical trends and educational challenges in contemporary society

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About