Self–other agreement in personality and affectivity: The role of acquaintanceship, trait visibility, and assumed similarity.

Watson, David; Hubbard, Brock; Wiese, D. N.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.546

Cited by 347 publications

(548 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…The 11 th sample was composed of Dallas-area adults who rated their mood using Past Week instructions. The final three samples consist of (a) friendship dyads, (b) dating couples, and (c) married couples who rated each other (using General trait instructions) on the PANAS-X (see Watson, Hubbard, & Wiese, 2000); only the other-rating correlations (e.g., the wife's ratings of her husband's fear and sadness) are reported here.…”

Section: The Two-factor Affective Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.

Watson

2005

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) groups disorders into diagnostic classes based on the subjective criterion of "shared phenomenological features". We now have sufficient data to eliminate this rational system and replace it with an empiricallybased structure that reflects the actual similarities among disorders. The existing structural evidence establishes that the mood and anxiety disorders should be collapsed together in an overarching class of emotional disorders, which can be decomposed into three subclasses: the bipolar disorders (bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia), the distress disorders (major depression, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder) and the fear disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia). The optimal placement of other syndromes (e.g., obsessivecompulsive disorder) needs to be clarified in future research.Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders 4 Rethinking the Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Quantitative Hierarchical Model for DSM-VA large body of research has sought to explicate the underlying structure of the mood and anxiety disorders. This research has been stimulated by two key taxonomic problems: comorbidity and heterogeneity. Comorbidity can be broadly defined as the cooccurrence of different disorders within the same individual (see Lilienfeld, Waldman, & Israel, 1994;Mineka, Watson, & Clark, 1998); it reflects the empirical overlap between constructs that are hypothesized to be distinct. Therefore, when comorbidity occurs at greater than chance levels in the population, it raises the more general issue of discriminant validity. Evidence of significant-often substantial-comorbidity among DSM disorders has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated models that attempt to account for these patterns of co-occurrence (see Mineka et al., 1998).In contrast, heterogeneity results when phenomena that ordinarily are collapsed together are found to be sufficiently distinctive to warrant their separation; in the nosological context, this frequently results in the creation of diagnostic subtypes, which is an acknowledgment that an existing taxonomic category is too heterogeneous to be maximally informative (Watson, 2003b). This type of evidence has stimulated research into the symptom dimensions underlying many of the anxiety and mood disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and specific phobia (see Watson, Gamez, and Simms, in press).In this paper, I will review this structural evidence and explore its broader implications for the classification of the mood and anxiety disorders in DSM-V. I begin by explicating the logic of the current DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) classification scheme for these disorders; to highlight significant problems with the current taxonomy, I will recast it as a quantitative structural model. I then review earlier structural models of this domain and discuss how they attempted to address...

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Section: The Two-factor Affective Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.

Watson

2005

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Self Cite

1,248

102

1,259

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“…Social projection: Prior research (Schyns & Sanders, 2007) has argued that the effect of personality on the perception of transformational leadership in experimental studies can be explained by assumed similarity (Cronbach, 1955;Watson, Hubbard & Wiese, 2000). When little is known about the leader who is to be rated, for example, in experimental studies, participants project their own traits into the person they are rating.…”

Section: Personality and Leadershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Followers' Personality and the Perception of Transformational Leadership: Further Evidence for the Similarity Hypothesis

Felfe

Schyns

2010

British J of Management

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. (2010) 'Followers' personality and the perception of transformational leadership :further evidence for the similarity hypothesis.', British journal of management., 21 (2). pp. 393-410. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j. 1467-8551.2009.00649.x Publisher's copyright statement:The denitive version is available at www.interscience.wiley.com Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. University of PortsmouthIn press: British Journal of Management Correspondance should be addressed to Jörg Felfe, University of Siegen, 57068 Siegen, Germany. Email: j.felfe@zedat.fu-berlin.de. Authors' note:The authors would like to thank the editor as well as the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a prior version of this manuscript. The authors would like to thank Susan Bradley for her help in editing this manuscript. Personality and leadership 2Followers" personality and the perception of transformational leadership:Further evidence for the similarity hypothesis AbstractManagers and supervisor are thought to affect their followers" attitudes and behaviour. Within leadership research, behaviour of leaders and managers is usually considered as the independent variable whilst followers" reactions are considered the dependent variable. In this study, we reverse this order and investigate the degree to which the evaluation of leadership is a result of followers" perceptions and attributions. In order to corroborate and extend previous experimental research, a field study was conducted to analyse the influence of followers" personality and perceived leader personality on followers" perception of leadership within an organisational setting. The results provide further evidence that followers" personality influences the perception of transformational leadership and commitment to the supervisor. Moreover, the perception of leaders" personality was related to the perception of leadership and commitment to the supervisor. The finding that the perception of supervisors" personality mediates both the relationship between followers" personality and the perception of leadership and commitment provides support for the similarity hypothesis. Results are discussed in the light of feedback and leader development.

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“…It is well established that inventory reports based on self-perceptions and peer perceptions of Big Five traits are valid predictors of behavior and meaningful life outcomes (e.g., Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006;Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007), and in general, self and peers agree substantially in their perceptions of personality (Funder, 1980;Watson, Hubbard, & Weise, 2000). At the same time, nonzero and even nontrivial validity does not rule out the possibility of some bias in measurements, and an integrated model of interpersonal perception must account for both valid judgment and for perceptual processes that can go awry (Funder, 1995).…”

Section: Implications For Personality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceiving others’ personalities: Examining the dimensionality, assumed similarity to the self, and stability of perceiver effects.

Srivastava

Guglielmo

Beer

2010

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

142

171

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In interpersonal perception, "perceiver effects" are tendencies of perceivers to see other people in a particular way. Two studies of naturalistic interactions examined perceiver effects for personality traits: seeing a typical other as sympathetic or quarrelsome, responsible or careless, and so forth. Several basic questions were addressed. First, are perceiver effects organized as a global evaluative halo, or do perceptions of different traits vary in distinct ways? Second, does assumed similarity (as evidenced by self-perceiver correlations) reflect broad evaluative consistency or trait-specific content? Third, are perceiver effects a manifestation of stable beliefs about the generalized other, or do they form in specific contexts as group-specific stereotypes? Findings indicated that perceiver effects were better described by a differentiated, multidimensional structure with both trait-specific content and a higher order global evaluation factor. Assumed similarity was at least partially attributable to trait-specific content, not just to broad evaluative similarity between self and others. Perceiver effects were correlated with gender and attachment style, but in newly formed groups, they became more stable over time, suggesting that they grew dynamically as group stereotypes. Implications for the interpretation of perceiver effects and for research on personality assessment and psychopathology are discussed.

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Self–other agreement in personality and affectivity: The role of acquaintanceship, trait visibility, and assumed similarity.

Cited by 347 publications

References 40 publications

Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.

Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V.

Followers' Personality and the Perception of Transformational Leadership: Further Evidence for the Similarity Hypothesis

Perceiving others’ personalities: Examining the dimensionality, assumed similarity to the self, and stability of perceiver effects.

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