Self‐organizing traffic lights at multiple‐street intersections

Abstract

The elementary cellular automaton following rule 184 can mimic particles flowing in one direction

Congestion in the bathtub

“…In urban street networks, spill backs can lead to hypercongestion when queues become so long that flows through intersections are reduced. Traffic management may reduce such problems by, e.g., using traffic lights that adapt to the length of the queues on the different roads that lead into intersections (Gershenson, 2005;de Gier et al, 2011;Gershenson and Rosenblueth, 2012). Then priority can be given to flows such that intersection capacity is better utilized while spillbacks can be minimized.…”

Measuring the Complexity of Self-Organizing Traffic Lights

“…000 0 0 0 001 0 0 0 010 0 1 0 011 1 1 1 100 1 1 0 101 1 1 0 110 0 1 0 111 1 1 1 This city traffic model is conservative, i.e., the density of vehicles ρ (proportion of cells with a value of one) is constant in time. It is straightforward to extend such a model to an hexagonal grid, allowing for more complex intersections [33].…”

Autonomous Decentralized Control of Traffic Signals that can Adapt to Changes in Traffic

“…Thus, several decentralized control schemes have been proposed so far [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. A typical example is the selforganizing traffic signal (SOTL) method [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], where each traffic signal is controlled by several local rules such that the traffic signals can immediately adapt to the current situation. Other examples of decentralized control schemes are based on coupled oscillators [20][21][22]29], neural networks [23], near-future prediction [28], and so on.…”

“…Control scheme 2: Green wave method [8,[10][11][12][13][14] The green wave method is the same as control scheme 1 in that traffic signals are switched for every period T 0 without any sensory feedback. However, the offset is defined so that cars moving from south to north and from west to east at their maximum velocity are not trapped by red signals.…”

“…Control scheme 4: Self-organizing traffic light (SOTL) method [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The SOTL method was first proposed by Gershenson et al in 2005 [10] and extended in later studies [11][12][13][14]. Here, we adopted the extended version, which consists of the following six rules (the original version [10] consists of only rules 1-3):…”