Self-organizing systems and infant motor development

Thelen, Esther; Kelso, J. A. Scott; Fogel, Alan

doi:10.1016/0273-2297(87)90004-9

Cited by 343 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The symptoms of such disorders suggest that, although the excitation-inhibition relationship is often local, it may also be coordinated across the body (e.g., generalized dystonia) (13). Concurrent movements of several limbs in infants also support this view (14). The neuronal control underlying such whole-body coordination is still elusive (15,16).…”

Section: Somatotopy | Neural Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative blood oxygenation level dependent homunculus and somatotopic information in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area

Zeharia¹,

Hertz²,

Flash

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A crucial attribute in movement encoding is an adequate balance between suppression of unwanted muscles and activation of required ones. We studied movement encoding across the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) by inspecting the positive and negative blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in these regions. Using periodic and eventrelated experiments incorporating the bilateral/axial movements of 20 body parts, we report detailed mototopic imaging maps in M1 and SMA. These maps were obtained using phase-locked analysis. In addition to the positive BOLD, significant negative BOLD was detected in M1 but not in the SMA. The negative BOLD spatial pattern was neither located at the ipsilateral somatotopic location nor randomly distributed. Rather, it was organized somatotopically across the entire homunculus and inversely to the positive BOLD, creating a negative BOLD homunculus. The neuronal source of negative BOLD is unclear. M1 provides a unique system to test whether the origin of negative BOLD is neuronal, because different arteries supply blood to different regions in the homunculus, ruling out blood-stealing explanations. Finally, multivoxel pattern analysis showed that positive BOLD in M1 and SMA and negative BOLD in M1 contain somatotopic information, enabling prediction of the moving body part from inside and outside its somatotopic location. We suggest that the neuronal processes underlying negative BOLD participate in somatotopic encoding in M1 but not in the SMA. This dissociation may emerge because of differences in the activity of these motor areas associated with movement suppression.O ne of the most important attributes encoded in motor homunculi is somatotopy. The work by Penfield and Boldrey (1) discovered the ventral-to-dorsal, face-to-leg somatotopic representation in the primary motor cortex (M1) in humans. Subsequent imaging studies have used up to 10 body parts to confirm this organization (2, 3). In the supplementary motor area (SMA), imaging techniques, electrophysiological measurements, and tumor resection have revealed a rostrocaudal, face-to-leg representation in humans (4-6), similar to the representation in primates (7). Studies in the SMA have only used a few body parts and thus, have been unable to show full-body somatotopy.Our first objective was to map the body representation in M1 and SMA in much greater detail using 20 body parts covering the entire body. Detailed maps on the single-subject level are important for medical purposes as well as assessment of intersubject variability and experience-related plastic changes. We used a continuous cyclic design, enabling us to apply phased-locked analysis approaches, which provide the optimal tools for mapping topographic gradients in the brain (8-11). Our study applies these methods to somatotopic mapping of the motor system. However, movement encoding does not depend solely on the correct activation of specific muscles but also on the suppression of unwanted ones. The importance of suppressing noninvo...

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Section: Somatotopy | Neural Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may increase inhibition and negative BOLD. Although in natural activity, one usually does not think about not moving other body parts, this form of coordinated movement suppression across the body may still be present (13,14).…”

Section: Somatotopic Organization Predictive Information and Possiblementioning

confidence: 99%

Negative blood oxygenation level dependent homunculus and somatotopic information in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area

Zeharia¹,

Hertz²,

Flash

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Ce paradigme arrive en RAL par la voie des travaux sur le développement moteur chez les petits enfants : travaux menés aux États-Unis par Esther Thelen et ses collègues (Thelen et al, 1987 ;Thelen & Smith, 1994), et aux Pays-Bas à la même époque par Paul van Geert (van Geert, 1989 ;1994 ; ; c'est van Geert qui diffuse le paradigme dans le domaine de la RAL maternelle (van Geert, 2006 ; The articulation of emergentist accounts depends on strong methodological support. Because emergentist accounts emphasize complex interactions between multiple factors across multiple time scales, they rely heavily on the powerful computational methods introduced by the digital revolution.…”

Section: Méthodologieunclassified

Enjeux méthodologiques de l’émergentisme pour la recherche en acquisition et en didactique des langues

Hilton¹

2017

rdlc

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“…It emerges when infants are 6-7 months old (Bobath & Bobath, 1975;Illingsworth, 1973), and allows for a new opportunity to interact with the environment. Emergence of rotation skill requires maturation of both skeletal and neuromuscular systems (Thelen et al, 1987), but the ability to interact adaptively with the environment is not just a result of motor skills. Successful actions require both motor skills and perceptual sensitivity, and of course the ability to integrate the two (Adolph et al, 1993;E.J.…”

Section: Auditory Guided Rotation In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%