“…To derive convective parameters from vertical profiles of pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, U and V from ERA5 and WRF we used the thundeR R language package (Taszarek et al., 2021). We calculate parameters that are commonly used in the operational forecasting and climatological evaluations of significant tornadoes (Brooks et al., 2003; Grams et al., 2012; Gensini et al., 2021; Hua & Anderson‐Frey, 2021; Ingrosso et al., 2020; R. L. Thompson et al., 2003, 2012, 2013; Taszarek, Allen, Púčik, et al., 2020). These include: convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), 0–500 m mean mixing ratio (MIXR), lifted condensation level (LCL), 0–1 km vertical wind shear (S01), 0–6 km vertical wind shear (S06), 0–500 m storm‐relative helicity (SRH), and the significant tornado parameter (STP; updated formula from Coffer et al.…”