Self-Organized Hexagonal Nanostructures on Nickel and Steel Formed by Anodization in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflate)imide Ionic Liquid

Abstract

The formation of ordered hexagonal nanostructures with the size of 50−120 nm at the electrode surface has been studied in the course of electrochemical polishing of nickel and steel in the hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflate)imide. Optimal conditions favorable for the formation of such ordered structures have been revealed under the galvanostatic regime (I = 8 mA•cm −2 ; t = 10 min) and potentiostatic mode of operation (E = 3.0−3.2 V; t = 40 min). A theoretical background behind the generation of the hexagonal nanostructures has been proposed.

Impact of Pretreatment of Metal Glass Fe70Cr15B15 on Anodization in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid

“…In this case, according to the SEM data, nano-cells were detected on the surface of the electrode (Figure 2a). A similar phenomenon was observed earlier on the surface of various electrodes during anodization in ionic liquids [17][18][19] and other non-aqueous electrolytes [29][30][31].…”

“…In some cases, the etching (pitting) of the electrode surface is also observed. In general, the result of anodization depends on the nature of the metal, alloying additives, surface morphology, properties of surface oxide films, type of ionic liquid (hydrophobic/hydrophilic), presence/absence of water, temperature and other factors [17][18][19]. The influence of the nature of the ionic liquid (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) was studied during the anodization of Ti, Ni, crystalline steel.…”

“…The influence of the nature of the ionic liquid (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) was studied during the anodization of Ti, Ni, crystalline steel. It was found that cellular nanostructures are obtained in hydrophobic ionic liquids (BMIMNTf 2 , BMIMBF 4 ) [19]. Nanotubes, nanorods of corresponding oxides are formed in hydrophilic IL (BMIMCl).…”

Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids

“…Besides these extensive studies of ILs confined on Hg, Au, and Ag surfaces, there are some other metals that are used as substrates to support ILs for specific applications, such as Li, Cu, ,,, Ti, , Fe, , Ni, Ru, Pd, Cd, In, Pt, , and Bi . ILs exhibit varied interfacial structures and dynamical quantities in IL–metal interfacial regions depending on the delicate interplay of interactions among constituent ions and metal atoms that are in direct contact with confined ILs.…”

“…ILs interact with the Ag surface through weak electrostatic (dipole induced dipole) interactions and preferential dispersion interactions, leading to a distinct electron solvation behavior of [C 4 MPYRR][NTF 2 ] at the IL− Ag (111) interface. 842 Besides these extensive studies of ILs confined on Hg, Au, and Ag surfaces, there are some other metals that are used as substrates to support ILs for specific applications, such as Li, 843 Cu, 116,799,844,845 Ti, 466,846 Fe, 847,848 Ni, 847 Ru, 849 Pd, 850 Cd, 851 In, 852 Pt, 853,854 and Bi. 855 ILs exhibit varied interfacial structures and dynamical quantities in IL−metal interfacial regions depending on the delicate interplay of interactions among constituent ions and metal atoms that are in direct contact with confined ILs.…”