Self-Organization of the Khibiny Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia)

Ivanyuk, Gregory Yu.; Yakovenchuk, Victor N.; Pakhomovsky, Yakov A.; Konoplyova, Natalya; Kalashnikov, A. G.; Mikhailova, Julia A.; Goryainov, Pavel M.

doi:10.5772/26151

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The latest igneous rocks include alkaline dyke swarms and picrite-carbonatite explosion pipes within the Main Ring fault zone at Khibiny (Ivanyuk et al, 2012). The late-stage dykes at Khibiny are degassed, indicating emplacement close to the contemporary land surface (Tolstikhin et al, 2002), an interpretation consistent with earlier views of the dykes as eruption channels for volcanic explosion fields since removed by erosion (Bulakh & Ivanikov, 1984).…”

Section: Phoscorite-carbonatite Pipessupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Large differences in erosion depths between the two major igneous centres and the surrounding country rocks are a product of large-scale differential movements within ring faults at 390-370 Ma (Fig. 6) and contemporaneous erosion (Ivanyuk et al, 2012). PCP emplacement on the Kola Peninsula involved multiple phases of igneous activity and large vertical movements within ring structures (Arzamastsev et al, 2013).…”

Section: Phoscorite-carbonatite Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Presence of explosion breccias, indicating venting of dykes within 1 km of the surface as feeder channels for surface volcanic fields. Examples include Kandalaksha Bay (Beard et al, 1998), Turiy Mys (Downes et al, 2005), Khibiny (Ivanyuk et al, 2012), Kontozero (MacBride, 2005) and numerous PCPs (Kapustin, 1983), including Kovdor ( Fig. 9; Mikhailova et al, in press).…”

Section: Figure 9 Schematic Model Of Denudation Patterns Since 360 Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phanerozoic denudation across the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia: implications for long-term stability of Precambrian shield margins

Hall¹

2015

NJG

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Contrasting views exist on the stability of the Earth's shield regions over the last 1 Ga that have major implications for reconstructing erosion patterns on shields and the supply of sediment to intra-cratonic and marginal basins. This paper explores Phanerozoic denudation rates and patterns on the northern part of the Fennoscandian Shield in the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia. This shield region was intruded by magmatic rocks of the Kola Alkaline Province (KAP) in the Devonian and Early Carboniferous. The KAP comprises a varied suite of alkali-ultramafic plutonic and hypabyssal intrusions, diatremes and dykes that was emplaced at various depths in the crust and allows assessment of depths and rates of erosion during and since the KAP magmatic episode. Further evidence of long-term denudation is provided by Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic cover rocks found around the margins of the Kola Peninsula and in the White Sea. The burial and exhumation history is compared to available Apatite Fission Track (AFT) data for the Kola Peninsula and adjacent areas. Post-Devonian denudation rates on the shield rocks of the Kola Peninsula have varied in space and time. Around the periphery of the Kola Peninsula, low long-term denudation of shield rocks is indicated by the survival of Riphean cover rocks and Late Devonian lavas, kimberlite crater facies and near-surface emplacement of dykes. In contrast, in the main belts of KAP intrusions, 4-6 km of rock was removed in response to doming between 460 and 360 Ma. Deep denudation is indicated by the emplacement depths of alkaline intrusions and Phoscorite-Carbonatite pipes (PCPs). Erosion on the Kola Peninsula since 360 Ma has been far more limited. Extensive, shallow, late-stage magmatism associated with PCPs, dykes and the large alkaline intrusions in the KAP indicates that erosion depths nowhere exceeded 2 km. PostDevonian denudation has removed <1 km of rock from the margins of the Kola Peninsula and from the backslope of the Saariselkä-Karelia scarp in northern Finland. AFT data point to an important phase of erosion in the early Mesozoic but depths of unroofing of 3-5 km based on AFT cooling ages for this later phase are in conflict with the evidence of lesser erosion provided by the late-stage KAP intrusions and also require unrealistic depths of former Devonian to Triassic cover rocks. Mean denudation rates were greatest (up to 40 m/Myr) during the KAP magmatic phase. Post-Devonian rates across the Kola Peninsula and adjacent shield areas were much lower (<3-6 m/Myr) and are compatible with low long-term denudation rates for other cratons. Further resolution of long-term denudation patterns and rates on the Kola Peninsula requires the application of low-temperature thermochronometry, detailed examination of the regional geomorphology and firmer dating of ancient weathering episodes.

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Section: Phoscorite-carbonatite Pipessupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Phoscorite-carbonatite Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 9 Schematic Model Of Denudation Patterns Since 360 Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phanerozoic denudation across the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia: implications for long-term stability of Precambrian shield margins

Hall¹

2015

NJG

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“…(if the composition of nepheline is expressed by the formula A 4 B 4 Т 8 О 16 ). The same substitution is characteristic of nepheline of the Khibiny Massif [32,33]. Factor analysis has showed also that compositions corresponding to different types of rocks were divided into two almost isolated groups, in accordance with the main isomorphism scheme ( Figure 10).…”

Section: Nephelinementioning

confidence: 82%

Petrogenesis of the Eudialyte Complex of the Lovozero Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia)

et al. 2019

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The Lovozero Alkaline Massif intruded through the Archaean granite-gneiss and Devonian volcaniclastic rocks about 360 million years ago, and formed a large (20 × 30 km) laccolith-type body, rhythmically layered in its lower part (the Layered Complex) and indistinctly layered and enriched in eudialyte-group minerals in its upper part (the Eudialyte Complex). The Eudialyte Complex is composed of two groups of rocks. Among the hypersolvus meso-melanocratic alkaline rocks (mainly malignite, as well as shonkinite, melteigite, and ijolite enriched with the eudialyte-group minerals, EGM), there are lenses of subsolvus leucocratic rocks (foyaite, fine-grained nepheline syenite, urtite with phosphorus mineralization, and primary lovozerite-group minerals). Leucocratic rocks were formed in the process of the fractional crystallization of melanocratic melt enriched in Fe, high field strength elements (HFSE), and halogens. The fractionation of the melanocratic melt proceeded in the direction of an enrichment in nepheline and a decrease in the aegirine content. A similar fractionation path occurs in the Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3-SiO2 system, where the melt of the “ijolite” type (approximately 50% of aegirine) evolves towards “phonolitic eutectic” (approximately 10% of aegirine). The temperature of the crystallization of subsolvus leucocratic rocks was about 550 °C. Hypersolvus meso-melanocratic rocks were formed at temperatures of 700–350 °C, with a gradual transition from an almost anhydrous HFSE-Fe-Cl/F-rich alkaline melt to a Na(Cl, F)-rich water solution. Devonian volcaniclastic rocks underwent metasomatic treatment of varying intensity and survived in the Eudialyte Complex, some remaining unchanged and some turning into nepheline syenites. In these rocks, there are signs of a gradual increase in the intensity of alkaline metasomatism, including a wide variety of zirconium phases. The relatively high fugacity of fluorine favored an early formation of zircon in apo-basalt metasomatites. The ensuing crystallization of aegirine in the metasomatites led to an increase in alkali content relative to silicon and parakeldyshite formation. After that, EGM was formed, under the influence of Ca-rich solutions produced by basalt fenitization.

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“…and other members of the spinel group are of great interest because of their importance to petrology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], geomagnetism [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], metallurgy and material sciences (ferrimagnets, electrodes, catalysts, refractories, welding materials, toners, etc.). All these minerals have a similar spinel crystal structure composed of almost cubic close-packed oxygen sublattice with cations occupying tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsolidus Evolution of the Magnetite-Spinel-UlvöSpinel Solid Solutions in the Kovdor Phoscorite-Carbonatite Complex, NW Russia

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite ore-pipe rocks form a natural series, where apatite and magnetite first gradually increase due to the presence of earlier crystallizing forsterite in the pipe marginal zone and then decrease as a result of carbonate development in the axial zone. In all lithologies, magnetite grains contain (oxy)exsolution inclusions of comparatively earlier ilmenite group minerals and/or later spinel, and their relationship reflects the concentric zonation of the pipe. The temperature and oxygen fugacity of titanomagnetite oxy-exsolution decreases in the natural rock sequence from about 500 • C to about 300 • C and from NNO + 1 to NNO − 3 (NNO is Ni-NiO oxygen fugacity buffer), with a secondary positive maximum for vein calcite carbonatite. Exsolution spinel forms spherical grains, octahedral crystals, six-beam and eight-beam skeletal crystals co-oriented with host magnetite. The ilmenite group minerals occur as lamellae oriented along {111} and {100} planes of oxy-exsolved magnetite. The kinetics of inclusion growth depends mainly on the diffusivity of cations in magnetite: their comparatively low diffusivities in phoscorite and carbonatites of the ore-pipe internal part cause size-independent growth of exsolution inclusions; while higher diffusivities of cations in surrounding rocks, marginal forsterite-rich phoscorite and vein calcite carbonatite result in size-dependent growth of inclusions.

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Self-Organization of the Khibiny Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia)

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Phanerozoic denudation across the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia: implications for long-term stability of Precambrian shield margins

Phanerozoic denudation across the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia: implications for long-term stability of Precambrian shield margins

Petrogenesis of the Eudialyte Complex of the Lovozero Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia)

Subsolidus Evolution of the Magnetite-Spinel-UlvöSpinel Solid Solutions in the Kovdor Phoscorite-Carbonatite Complex, NW Russia

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