Self‐organization of size‐selected, nanoparticles into three‐dimensional superlattices

Motte, Laurence; Billoudet, F.; Lacaze, E.; Pileni, Marie‐Paule

doi:10.1002/adma.19960081218

Cited by 114 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Arrays can be engineered to serve as chips in the diagnosis of diseases or to function as ultrahigh density data storage systems. 21 Ordered nanocrystals have already been assembled into superlattices by techniques such as colloidal crystallization, [54][55][56] macromolecule selfassembly, 11 57-59 complementary interactions, 48 60 61 and patterned etch pits. 62 Ordered biological structural arrays can serve as templates for the further construction of superlattices.…”

Section: General Approaches In Bottom Up Assembly Using Rna As Buildimentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Nanotechnology: Engineering, Assembly and Applications in Detection, Gene Delivery and Therapy

Guo

2005

j nanosci nanotechnol

158

135

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Biological macromolecules including DNA, RNA, and proteins, have intrinsic features that make them potential building blocks for the bottom-up fabrication of nanodevices. RNA is unique in nanoscale fabrication due to its amazing diversity of function and structure. RNA molecules can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity characteristic of DNA while possessing versatility in structure and function similar to that of proteins. RNA molecules typically contain a large variety of single stranded loops suitable for inter-and intra-molecular interaction. These loops can serve as mounting dovetails obviating the need for external linking dowels in fabrication and assembly.The self-assembly of nanoparticles from RNA involves cooperative interaction of individual RNA molecules that spontaneously assemble in a predefined manner to form a larger two-or threedimensional structure. Within the realm of self-assembly there are two main categories, namely template and non-template. Template assembly involves interaction of RNA molecules under the influence of specific external sequence, forces, or spatial constraints such as RNA transcription, hybridization, replication, annealing, molding, or replicas. In contrast, non-template assembly involves formation of a larger structure by individual components without the influence of external forces. Examples of non-template assembly are ligation, chemical conjugation, covalent linkage, and loop/loop interaction of RNA, especially the formation of RNA multimeric complexes. The best characterized RNA multiplier and the first to be described in RNA nanotechnological application is the motor pRNA of bacteriophage phi29 which form dimers, trimers, and hexamers, via hand-in-hand interaction. phi29 pRNA can be redesigned to form a variety of structures and shapes including twins, tetramers, rods, triangles, and 3D arrays several microns in size via interaction of programmed helical regions and loops. 3D RNA array formation requires a defined nucleotide number for twisting and a palindromic sequence. Such arrays are unusually stable and resistant to a wide range of temperatures, salt concentrations, and pH. Both the therapeutic siRNA or ribozyme and a receptorbinding RNA aptamer or other ligands have been engineered into individual pRNAs. Individual chimeric RNA building blocks harboring siRNA or other therapeutic molecules have been fabricated subsequently into a trimer through hand-in-hand interaction of the engineered right and left interlocking RNA loops. The incubation of these particles containing the receptor-binding aptamer or other ligands results in the binding and co-entry of trivalent therapeutic particles into cells. Such particles were subsequently shown to modulate the apoptosis of cancer cells in both cell cultures and animal trials. The use of such antigen-free 20-40 nm particles holds promise for the repeated long-term treatment of chronic diseases. Other potentially useful RNA molecules that form multimers include HIV RNA that contain kissing loop to form di...

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Section: General Approaches In Bottom Up Assembly Using Rna As Buildimentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Nanotechnology: Engineering, Assembly and Applications in Detection, Gene Delivery and Therapy

Guo

2005

j nanosci nanotechnol

158

135

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“…Individual nanocrystals, often terms as "artificial atoms" can assemble into large, microscale supercrystal or ordered solid structure in a dynamic equilibrium process when prepared with high uniformity. Traditionally, the building blocks of most assemblies are limited to spherical nanoparticles, and are studied extensively using simple drop-casting method [68][69][70][71][72][73]. The face-centered cubic (fcc) or hexagonal close-packed (hcp) packing pattern are usually observed when drop-casting and drying the uniform spherical nanoparticle dispersion onto a flat surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods and Structures for Self-assembly of Anisotropic 1D Nanocrystals

Zhang

Shah

Han

2015

Anisotropic Nanomaterials

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In the nanoscience and nanotechnology, the study of nanocrystal selfassembly has been regarded as a key technology in leading future industrial development. The colloidal self-assembly techniques, particularly for one-dimensional (1D) building blocks, have been widely adopted for the systematic fabrication of functional nanocrystals and received an extensive research attention. However, the increase in the building blocks' anisotropy, e.g. from sphere to rod/ wire, has dramatically leveled up the difficulty in organizing them into ordered structures. To realize tailored 1D nanocrystal self-assembled structures, a profound understanding and detailed design of self-assembly mechanism and procedures are much needed. Here, a thorough review over 1D nanocrystal self-assembly methods and alignments are present to achieve large-scale functional structures. Through different techniques, such as evaporation, template, electric field, LangmuirBlodgett film and chemical bonding, nanocrystals with various shapes can be selfassembled on substrates, at interfaces and in solutions. These assembled structures that have been achieved so far, can exhibit different degrees of alignments, such as stripe pattern as non-close-packed structure, horizontal, vertical alignments as close-packed monolayers, nematic, semectic alignments, AB stacking of vertical alignments, three-dimensional (3D) assembly as close-packed multilayers. In general, these self-assembly techniques can reach much small dimension and create microstructures that possess unique properties different from their individual building blocks.

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“…Many efforts have been devoted to the preparation of nanoparticles and the study of their properties in the past few years [1][2][3]. Recently, increasing attention has been given to nanoparticle composites because the connection of two semiconductor nanocrystals will lead to a series of novel optical and electronic properties [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of ZnS/CdS composite nanoparticles by coprecipitation from reverse micelles using CO2 as antisolvent

Zhang

Xiao

Liu

et al. 2004

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Self‐organization of size‐selected, nanoparticles into three‐dimensional superlattices

Cited by 114 publications

References 32 publications

RNA Nanotechnology: Engineering, Assembly and Applications in Detection, Gene Delivery and Therapy

RNA Nanotechnology: Engineering, Assembly and Applications in Detection, Gene Delivery and Therapy

Methods and Structures for Self-assembly of Anisotropic 1D Nanocrystals

Preparation of ZnS/CdS composite nanoparticles by coprecipitation from reverse micelles using CO2 as antisolvent

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