Self-Organization of Nanoscale Multilayer Liquid Metal Films: Experiment and Theory

Krishna, Hare; Shirato, Nozomi; Yadavali, Sagar; Sachan, Ritesh; Strader, J.; Kalyanaraman, R.

doi:10.1021/nn1022632

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a prototypical system, we have studied bi-layers of metallic liquid films of Co and Ag on a low energy SiO 2 surface. Because of the minimal chemical interactions between the various components, this system provides a good way to explore spinodal dewetting in non-interacting systems, as previously confirmed from the behavior of patterning lengths 23 . In addition, the nanoparticle structures of the final stable state predicted by the non-linear modeling of this system 24 suggest potential applications in energy harvesting and sensing as bimetallic materials [25][26][27][28][29] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…A detailed description of the preparation of bi-layer system made from Ag and Co on SiO 2 substrates has been published previously 23 . Briefly, ultrathin films of Ag and Co were deposited under ultrahigh vacuum (∼ 1 × 10 −8 Torr) by electron beam evaporation (e-beam) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) respectively, on commercially available and optically smooth 400 nm SiO 2 on Si(100) wafers.…”

Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology transitions in bilayer spinodal dewetting systems

2012

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In spontaneous pattern formation by spinodal dewetting, attractive intermolecular forces overcome surface tension and cause an ultrathin liquid film on a low energy substrate to produce ordered structures. Spinodal dewetting in single-layer film on a substrate, is usually manifested by an early stage surface deformation and a highly non-linear ripening stage that results in characteristic morphologies, typically bicontinuous-or hole-like states. Here we have experimentally constructed the dewetting morphology phase diagrams for a bi-layer (Ag, Co) liquid film system on SiO 2 . Nanosecond pulsed laser melting was used to initiate and foster the dewetting as a function of film thickness and arrangement. The early stage ripening morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy from which the phase diagrams were constructed. Unlike single-layer films, which only show one morphology transition between the bicontinuous to hole states as the film thickness is increased, the bi-layer system can have multiple transitions. We have utilized the thickness-dependent free energy curvature approach (Sharma and Khanna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 p3463 1998) to analyze the phase diagram. The location of the multiple transitions cannot be predicted from the curvature minima, as was the case for single-layer films. Nevertheless, despite the complexity from multiple interacting forces and different surface deformation mode in bi-layer systems , the phase diagram can be completely generated by knowledge of the free energy curvature of the respective single-layer films. These results can permit improved modeling of the non-linear dynamics in naturally driven self-organized phenomenon and help design nanomaterials for advanced applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology transitions in bilayer spinodal dewetting systems

2012

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“…The appreciable flame retardation ability of the composite was shown by improved values for limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test compared to bare PET. Krishna et al (2010) showed that surface hydroxyl groups of nanocrystals could be further tailored with various functional molecules, making them potential multifunctional platforms for detection, sensing, and energy harvesting in biological as well as inorganic systems. Krishna et al (2010) achieved nanosecond pulsed laser-induced self-organization via spontaneous pattern formation in immiscible Ag and Co bilayer liquid films.…”

Section: Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krishna et al (2010) showed that surface hydroxyl groups of nanocrystals could be further tailored with various functional molecules, making them potential multifunctional platforms for detection, sensing, and energy harvesting in biological as well as inorganic systems. Krishna et al (2010) achieved nanosecond pulsed laser-induced self-organization via spontaneous pattern formation in immiscible Ag and Co bilayer liquid films. The obtained bilayer arrangements can change the signs of intermolecular interactions, which in turn change the mode of coupled deformations and the patterning characteristics resulting in adjustable properties.…”

Section: Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and applications of multifunctional composite nanomaterials

Sahay

Venugopal

Ramakrishna

2014

Int J Mech Mater Eng

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Nanocomposites have attracted a huge amount of interest due to their improved mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal/chemical stability, and electrical conductivity. Nanostructures are found to be of great significance because of their inherent properties such as large surface area to volume ratio and the engineered properties such as porosity, stability, and permeability. Composite material can achieve multifunctionality by combining the relevant, desirable features of different materials to form a new material having a broad spectrum of desired properties. These properties include liquid/gas sensing, self-repair nano/microstructure, catalysis initiator/inhibitor, as well as biomedical engineering. In this article, the nano/microcomposites are critically analyzed against the combination of functionalities i.e. mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, and thermal properties. This review specifically presents a narrative summary on the use of multifunctional nanomaterials for energy as well as environmental applications, along with a discussion on some critical challenges existing in the fields.

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“…This applied modeling paper is motivated by the recent experiments on dewetting of non-reactive, immiscible metallic bilayers [16], and the need to better understand the physical mechanisms leading to spatial ordering of particles and the morphological pathways towards the final particle morphologies. The experimental [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and theoretical [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] studies of the instabilities and dynamics of bilayer thin films so far have been largely limited to aqueous and polymer systems under isothermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Nanoparticles Formation in Molten Metallic Bilayers by Pulsed-Laser Interference Heating

Khenner

Yadavali

Kalyanaraman

2012

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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Abstract. The impacts of the two-beam interference heating on the number of core-shell and embedded nanoparticles and on nanostructure coarsening are studied numerically based on the non-linear dynamical model for dewetting of the pulsed-laser irradiated, thin (< 20 nm) metallic bilayers. The model incorporates thermocapillary forces and disjoining pressures, and assumes dewetting from the optically transparent substrate atop of the reflective support layer, which results in the complicated dependence of light reflectivity and absorption on the thicknesses of the layers. Stabilizing thermocapillary effect is due to the local thickness-dependent, steadystate temperature profile in the liquid, which is derived based on the mean substrate temperature estimated from the elaborate thermal model of transient heating and melting/freezing. Linear stability analysis of the model equations set for Ag/Co bilayer predicts the dewetting length scales in the qualitative agreement with experiment.

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Self-Organization of Nanoscale Multilayer Liquid Metal Films: Experiment and Theory

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Morphology transitions in bilayer spinodal dewetting systems

Morphology transitions in bilayer spinodal dewetting systems

Synthesis and applications of multifunctional composite nanomaterials

Controlling Nanoparticles Formation in Molten Metallic Bilayers by Pulsed-Laser Interference Heating

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