Self-organization in amoeboid motility

Callan-Jones, Andrew

doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.1000071

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…While the term amoeboid was first used to describe migration in amoeba like Dictyostelium, it has generally evolved to act as a catch-all for migration that is not integrin mediated [22]. The molecular mechanisms mediating this form of migration have remained unclear, but are generally ascribed to non-specific adhesion and friction forces between the cell and the surrounding environment, enabled by internal fluid flows [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cells Use Focal Adhesions to Pull Themselves Through Confined Environments

Caillier,

Oleksyn,

Fowell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Immune cells are highly dynamic and able to migrate through environments with diverse biochemical and mechanical composition. Their migration has classically been defined as amoeboid under the assumption that it is integrin-independent. Here we show that activated primary Th1 T cells require both confinement and extracellular matrix protein to migrate efficiently. This migration is mediated through small and dynamic focal adhesions that are composed of the same proteins associated with canonical mesenchymal focal adhesions, such as integrins, talin, and vinculin. These focal adhesions, furthermore, localize to sites of contractile traction stresses, enabling T cells to pull themselves through confined spaces. Finally, we show that Th1 T cell preferentially follows tracks of other T cells, suggesting that these adhesions are modifying the extracellular matrix to provide additional environmental guidance cues. These results demonstrate not only that the boundaries between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration modes are ambiguous, but that integrin-mediated adhesions play a key role in T cell motility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cells Use Focal Adhesions to Pull Themselves Through Confined Environments

Caillier,

Oleksyn,

Fowell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Unlike mesenchymal cells, myosin II is assumed to generate a squeezing force in amoeboid cells, since it is largely localized to the back of the cells in a structure known as the uropod. Regarding the morphology, these cells are much rounder, which is the result of constant changes in shape through quick extension and retraction of membrane protrusions. ,,,− This mode enables the cells to adapt to prevailing conditions and also allows the activation of distinct molecular mechanisms between well-defined migration strategies that include movement through a diversity of organs. Furthermore, ameboid cells retain a significant capability for recirculation between the lymphatic as well as blood systems.…”

Section: Cell Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Endothelial Cell Migration: Insights into Fundamental Forces, Inflammation, Biomaterial Applications, and Tissue Regeneration Strategies

Jerka,

Bonowicz,

Piekarska

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Cell migration is vital for many fundamental biological processes and human pathologies throughout our life. Dynamic molecular changes in the tissue microenvironment determine modifications of cell movement, which can be reflected either individually or collectively. Endothelial cell (EC) migratory adaptation occurs during several events and phenomena, such as endothelial injury, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis, under both normal and highly inflammatory conditions. Several advantageous processes can be supported by biomaterials. Endothelial cells are used in combination with various types of biomaterials to design scaffolds promoting the formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures. Appropriate selection, in terms of scaffolding properties, can promote desirable cell behavior to varying degrees. An increasing amount of research could lead to the creation of the perfect biomaterial for regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge regarding the possible systems by which inflammation may influence endothelial cell migration. We also describe the fundamental forces governing cell motility with a specific focus on ECs. Additionally, we discuss the biomaterials used for EC culture, which serve to enhance the proliferative, proangiogenic, and promigratory potential of cells. Moreover, we introduce the mechanisms of cell movement and highlight the significance of understanding these mechanisms in the context of designing scaffolds that promote tissue regeneration.

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“…We investigated this hypothesis through a physical model of amoeboid motility which treats the actomyosin network in the cell cortex as an active gel 13,15,16,18,[21][22][23][24][25] . In this model, myosingenerated contractility triggers an instability whereby the gel concentrates towards one side, which becomes the cell rear (Fig.…”

Section: An Active Gel Model Of Amoeboid Migration Predicts Frictiotaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictiotaxis underlies adhesion-independent durotaxis

Shellard,

Weißenbruch,

Hampshire

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cells move directionally along gradients of substrate stiffness, a process called durotaxis. The current consensus is that durotaxis relies on cell-substrate focal adhesions to transmit forces that drive directed motion. Such a mechanism implies that focal adhesion-independent durotaxis is impossible, although this assumption has never been tested. Here, we show that confined cells can perform durotaxis despite lacking strong or specific adhesions. We show that the mechanism of this adhesion-independent durotaxis is that stiffer substrates offer higher friction. We develop a physical model that predicts that non-adherent cells polarize and migrate towards regions of higher friction, a process that we call frictiotaxis. We demonstrate frictiotaxis in experiments by showing that cells migrate up a friction gradient even when stiffness is uniform. Our results broaden the potential of durotaxis to guide any cell that contacts a substrate and reveal a new mode of directed migration based on friction, with implications for immune and cancer cells, which commonly move with non-specific interactions.

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Self-organization in amoeboid motility

Cited by 9 publications

References 89 publications

T cells Use Focal Adhesions to Pull Themselves Through Confined Environments

T cells Use Focal Adhesions to Pull Themselves Through Confined Environments

Unraveling Endothelial Cell Migration: Insights into Fundamental Forces, Inflammation, Biomaterial Applications, and Tissue Regeneration Strategies

Frictiotaxis underlies adhesion-independent durotaxis

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