Self-nitrogen-doped porous biochar derived from kapok ( Ceiba insignis ) fibers: Effect of pyrolysis temperature and high electrochemical performance

Synthesis of Porous Fe/C Bio-Char Adsorbent for Rhodamine B from Waste Wood: Characterization, Kinetics and Thermodynamics

“…After the pyrolysis processes, the corresponding porous structure of the wood did not change, and the hole walls of pyrolysis wood became thinner, so that the hole diameters became larger with a larger specific surface area. The porous structure of the wood was preserved, and the observed large holes of the catheter and the dramatically increased surface areas were supposed to dramatically improve the adsorption capacity of magnetic porous carbon [21]. As shown in Figure 1D-G, the EDS mapping results provided the insights into the elemental distribution of C, O and Fe in the samples.…”

Modification Strategies of Kapok Fiber Composites and Its Application in the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions and Dyes from Aqueous Solutions: A Systematic Review

“…Then, a decrease of approximately 10% in weight of KF was noted at temperatures between 100-230 °C , due to hemicellulose decomposition [60,63]. As a result of cellulose decomposition and the rearrangement of macromolecules present in KF, a large decrease in weight to 63% was observed at 230-380 °C up to 770 °C [60,64]. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns provide the crystalline structures of KF, where peaks ranging from 10 • to 30 • are due to lignin, amorphous cellulose, and hemicellulose [57].…”

“…The crystallinity index of KF ranges from 20–40%, depending on the surface modifications performed [ 51 , 59 ]. Natural KF has crystallographic planes (101) and (002) and two visible peaks around 2θ = 15° and 2θ = 22°, which correspond to the presence of lignin and cellulose, respectively [ 60 ]. These factors help to identify areas that are more amorphous.…”

“…As shown in Figure 4 , thermal decomposition measured for KF under an inert atmosphere is around 83% weight loss that occurs in a range of 250–900 °C [ 57 ]. Wang et al [ 60 ] investigated the thermal degradation of KF using derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and TGA, wherein a small decrease in the weight was observed below 100 °C, found to be caused by water molecule evaporation. Then, a decrease of approximately 10% in weight of KF was noted at temperatures between 100–230 °C, due to hemicellulose decomposition [ 60 , 63 ].…”

“…Wang et al [ 60 ] investigated the thermal degradation of KF using derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and TGA, wherein a small decrease in the weight was observed below 100 °C, found to be caused by water molecule evaporation. Then, a decrease of approximately 10% in weight of KF was noted at temperatures between 100–230 °C, due to hemicellulose decomposition [ 60 , 63 ]. As a result of cellulose decomposition and the rearrangement of macromolecules present in KF, a large decrease in weight to 63% was observed at 230–380 °C up to 770 °C [ 60 , 64 ].…”