Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: Recent Studies

Schnell, Oliver; Alawi, Hasan; Battelino, Tadej; Ceriello, Antonio; Diem, Peter; Felton, Anne; Grzeszczak, W; Harno, Kari; Kempler, Péter; Satman, İlhan; Vergès, Bruno

doi:10.1177/193229681300700225

Cited by 74 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(131 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moving beyond static lecture methodology, incorporating meaningful discussions to address individual needs, and using interactive teaching styles are required. Incorporating PGHD, especially blood glucose and/or continuous glucose monitoring data, into decision making individualizes self-management and empowers participants to fully engage in personal problem solving to change behavior and improve outcomes (16,(142)(143)(144). There is strong evidence that incorporating text messaging into DSMES interventions improves engagement and outcomes (25,(145)(146)(147).…”

Section: Standard 7 Individualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Standard 7 Individualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[11][12][13][14] Recent research addressing current guidelines demonstrate that improved research design, with structured and purposeful use of SMBG data that includes feedback, improves A1C. 13,[15][16][17][18][19] A 2011 consensus report 10 concluded that SMBG should be performed in a structured manner utilizing specific SMBG profiles and incorporate education for persons with type 2 diabetes and their providers. Guidelines recommend individualized analysis and behavioral treatment based on SMBG profiles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telehealth Remote Monitoring Systematic Review

Greenwood

Young

Quinn

2014

J Diabetes Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately 26 million Americans have diabetes. When uncontrolled, diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death and the leading cause of kidney failure, blindness, and nontraumatic amputations in the United States. 1 Researchers have found a decrease in complications and improved quality of life when persons with type 2 diabetes achieve national diabetes outcomes targets for blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood fats. 2 Identifying evidence-based solutions to improve outcomes in this population is critical. Patient self-management is an integral component of effective diabetes care and improves diabetes short-term outcomes. 2-4 The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) identifies healthy eating, being active, monitoring, taking medications, problem solving, healthy coping, and reducing risks as 7 essential self-management skills, the AADE7, 5 required for successful behavior change to promote health for persons with diabetes. 6 Clinical studies have demonstrated the importance of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in improving hemoglobin A1C (A1C) for persons with type 2 diabetes who use insulin. 7 However, critics cite meta-analyses that demonstrate small improvements in A1C in studies of type 2 diabetes not managed with insulin that, although significant, may not be clinically meaningful. 8 Because the majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes are not treated with insulin, studying and understanding this population independently is important. 9,10 In 2009 the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) published guidelines that focus on structured SMBG protocols to 519311D STXXX10.

show abstract

“…A need to incorporate an educational component for patients with diabetes starting SMBG has been emphasized (12). Less obvious is the need for training the diabetes care team on how to respond to capillary glucose levels.…”

Section: Study Protocol/methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less obvious is the need for training the diabetes care team on how to respond to capillary glucose levels. Furthermore, to maximize the efficacy of measuring capillary glucose, SMBG should be performed according to a structured approach, with defined frequency and timing of the measurements (11,12,36).…”

Section: Study Protocol/methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical Utility of SMBG: Recommendations on the Use and Reporting of SMBG in Clinical Research

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quality glucose information is a core prerequisite for successful diabetes management. It enables professionals and people with diabetes to make medically relevant decisions on therapy. Details of glucose profile information beyond HbA 1c have been largely derived from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Given the evidence base demonstrating the benefits of SMBG, its routine use is recommended for diabetes management and therapy by many international and regional guidelines (1-3). Today, SMBG is considered an important aspect of the management of glycemic control (3,4). Glucose information of high quality, considering the products used and the processes conducted, is also needed in clinical research in order to gain new evidence and insights on effective treatment strategies in diabetes. SMBG is widely and routinely applied in large clinical trials, where it is used to understand the glycemic state, to enhance awareness of the effects of lifestyle modification and the adaptation of treatment including insulin titration, and to enable documentation of intraday pre-and postprandial glucose excursions (glycemic variability) and the subsequent statistical analysis of this and the confirmation of hypoglycemic episodes. Examples of recent studies that used SMBG are Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), and, from earlier times, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (5-8). Indeed, SMBG is now applied in most studies of glucoselowering agents, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor studies.Reliable glucose information requires a clear definition as part of the study design and protocol, not least to ensure replication of the methodology. Interpretation and comparison of study results may be affected if SMBG methods and results are addressed inconsistently. With regard to the interpretation of outcomes of studies, reporting of SMBG in publications should be of the highest qualitydaccurate, precise, reliable, and reproducible. In many publications, however, relevant details of the SMBG measures are lacking or are incomplete. Therefore, the interpretation of study results may be hampered, reliability of study results may be compromised, and repetition of trials may become necessary.This consensus publication not only aims to summarize learnings from previous clinical studies about the use and reporting of SMBG but also proposes recommendations for the description of the performance and reporting of SMBG in future clinical study protocols and related publications.Clinical trials aim at expanding knowledge and evidence. One major principle of Good Clinical Practice is to conduct clinical studies at a quality standard that provides the highest level of safety for the study participants but also avoids a potentially unnecessary burden on participants by inefficient repetition of the experiments with "human beings" to answer a clinical/scientific qu...

show abstract

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: Recent Studies

Cited by 74 publications

References 54 publications

2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

Telehealth Remote Monitoring Systematic Review

Clinical Utility of SMBG: Recommendations on the Use and Reporting of SMBG in Clinical Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About