Self-Monitoring of Blood-Glucose

Walford, S; Gale, E.A.M.; Allison, S.P.; Tattersall, R. B.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90855-3

Cited by 244 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This has long been considered the treatment of choice (Watkins 1982) and patients receiving twice-daily insulin have previously been shown to have lower mean blood glucose levels than those on a single daily insulin injection (Paisey et al 1982). Home glucose monitoring with meter-read test strips has been shown to lead to an improvement in control in the majority of patients (Sonksen et al 1978, Walford et al 1978, but in this study we found no significant difference in HbA1 between urine testers and those who performed home blood glucose monitoring. Intensive education has been shown to improve control without any further advantage from home blood glucose monitoring (Worth et al 1982) and a recent survey in one of our clinics (in preparation) has revealed that many of our patients perform insufficient tests and do not make independent adjustments to their insulin.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Multivariate Analysis of Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Insulin-Treated Diabetics

Child¹,

Wood

Hudson

et al. 1985

J R Soc Med

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Summary: Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAl), as an assessment of overall control, was estimated in 858 insulin-treated diabetics attending for changeover to U100 insulin in North East Wales. Details of age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin regimen and monitoring method were recorded. Multivariate analysis revealed lower HbAl in patients receiving twice-daily (mean 11.01) as compared with once-daily insulin (1 1.42, P= 0.01 1), but no difference was found between urine and blood glucose testers when other variables were taken into consideration. HbA1 was lower in men (mean 10.94) compared with women (mean 11.39, P=0.004) and there was a positive correlation of HbA1 in men with age (P=0.046) and in women with duration of disease (P = 0.005).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Multivariate Analysis of Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Insulin-Treated Diabetics

Child¹,

Wood

Hudson

et al. 1985

J R Soc Med

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“…With larger numbers ( n = 64), Sönksen et al showed that 64% of patients were able to maintain 80% of blood glucose values < 10.0 mmol/l over a period of > 1 year [3]. In a similar sized study cohort ( n = 69), half of the patients had capillary blood glucose profiles in which no more than one value exceeded 10.0 mmol/l [4]. Other, albeit smaller, studies confirmed these results [5][6][7].…”

Section: Bernstein's Diabetes Solution: a Complete Guide To Achievingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose sensors: a review of current and emerging technology

et al. 2009

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Glucose monitoring technology has been used in the management of diabetes for three decades. Traditional devices use enzymatic methods to measure glucose concentration and provide point sample information. More recently continuous glucose monitoring devices have become available providing more detailed data on glucose excursions. In future applications the continuous glucose sensor may become a critical component of the closed loop insulin delivery system and, as such, must be selective, rapid, predictable and acceptable for continuous patient use. Many potential sensing modalities are being pursued including optical and transdermal techniques. This review aims to summarize existing technology, the methods for assessing glucose sensing devices and provide an overview of emergent sensing modalities.

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“…Values obtained in hospital are often not representative of metabolic control under normal living conditions, hence the growing use of home monitoring with glucose sensitive enzymetipped strips, with or without reflectance meters [2][3][4]. Such methods have great value but may be subject to a degree of error and bias which is sometimes unacceptable and it may then be desirable for samples to be collected at home by the patients, but estimated in the laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary tubes for blood glucose sampling

et al. 1982

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Summary.A formal evaluation of the Sarstedt capillary tube system for blood glucose sampling was undertaken. Results obtained with the method were found to be highly reproducible (coefficient of variation = 4.7%) and accurate (mean • SD difference between this system and a reference system = -0.14 + 0.45 mmol/1). A decline in glucose values by 10% occurred when they were stored for 48 h before analysis, and this decline persisted in samples kept at room temperature, but was abolished by storage at 4 o C.Key words: Home glucose monitoring, capillary tubes.Blood glucose monitoring is assuming a central role in the management of diabetes [1]. Values obtained in hospital are often not representative of metabolic control under normal living conditions, hence the growing use of home monitoring with glucose sensitive enzymetipped strips, with or without reflectance meters [2][3][4]. Such methods have great value but may be subject to a degree of error and bias which is sometimes unacceptable and it may then be desirable for samples to be collected at home by the patients, but estimated in the laboratory.Several methods of home blood sample collection have been developed and used with variable success. Sample collection into glass capillary tubes was first used in the Whitehall Study [5], and this has been devel/ oped into the commercially available Sarstedt tube system (Walter Sarstedt, Leicester, UK) for home sample collection. This system has proved of great practical value and its potentially wide application has led us to undertake formal assessment. Material and MethodsThe Sarstedt tube system consists of a polythene capillary tube coated with sodium fluoride to inhibit glycolysis and coagulation. Blood from a finger-prick is automatically drawn into the tube by capillary attraction when its tip is allowed to penetrate the surface of the drop. The tube is then capped, placed in the container and stoppered. The volume of the package is 6 ml, its weight 2 g, and cost 5-10 p per tube.On receipt the whole assembly is briefly centrifuged (2000 x g for 2 min), and plasma sampled directly with a fine tipped pipette for rap- id(enzymatic) glucose analysis (Yellow Springs or Analox analyser).The total volume of the capillary cavity of the tube is 300 ~tl, although a 50 ILl sample is sufficient for glucose analysis. In order to assess the reproducibility and stability of capillary tube samples and to compare the results with conventional fluoride/oxalate blood samples, we charged several capillary tubes to a usual halffull level (approximately 150 lxl) from a selection of freshly drawn venous blood samples. The samples were either analysed within 3 h or were stored at 4 o C or at room temperature for analysis.Glucose estimation in this study was performed with an Analox GM6 glucose oxidase analyzer (Alpha Laboratories, Eastleigh, Hants, UK) with suitable standards and quality control plasma samples. Results ReproducibilityThe mean coefficient of variation of 20 replicates made up from venous samples from each of 10 patients...

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Self-Monitoring of Blood-Glucose

Cited by 244 publications

References 16 publications

Multivariate Analysis of Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Insulin-Treated Diabetics

Multivariate Analysis of Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Insulin-Treated Diabetics

Glucose sensors: a review of current and emerging technology

Capillary tubes for blood glucose sampling

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