Self‐modelling and weight control

Owusu-Bempah, J.; Howitt, D. L.

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1983.tb01543.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…( 2002 ), Law and Ste-Marie ( 2005 ), Lonnecker et al. ( 1994 ), Meharg and Lipsker ( 1991 ), Meharg and Woltersdorf ( 1990 ), Owusu-Bempah and Howitt ( 1983 , 1985 ), Possell et al. ( 1999 ), Ram and McCullagh ( 2003 ), Reamer et al.…”

Section: Kernel Definition Derivation and Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based Kernels: Fundamental Units of Behavioral Influence

Embry¹,

Biglan

2008

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

336

270

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This paper describes evidence-based kernels, fundamental units of behavioral influence that appear to underlie effective prevention and treatment for children, adults, and families. A kernel is a behavior-influence procedure shown through experimental analysis to affect a specific behavior and that is indivisible in the sense that removing any of its components would render it inert. Existing evidence shows that a variety of kernels can influence behavior in context, and some evidence suggests that frequent use or sufficient use of some kernels may produce longer lasting behavioral shifts. The analysis of kernels could contribute to an empirically based theory of behavioral influence, augment existing prevention or treatment efforts, facilitate the dissemination of effective prevention and treatment practices, clarify the active ingredients in existing interventions, and contribute to efficiently developing interventions that are more effective. Kernels involve one or more of the following mechanisms of behavior influence: reinforcement, altering antecedents, changing verbal relational responding, or changing physiological states directly. The paper describes 52 of these kernels, and details practical, theoretical, and research implications, including calling for a national database of kernels that influence human behavior.Keywords Evidence-based kernels Á Public-health benefits Á Prevention Á Treatment This paper presents an analysis of fundamental units of behavioral influence that underlie effective prevention and treatment. We call these units kernels. They have two defining features. First, in experimental analysis, researchers have found them to have a reliable effect on one or more specific behaviors. Second, they are fundamental units of behavior influence in the sense that deleting any component of a kernel would render it inert. Understanding kernels could contribute to an empirically based theory of behavioral influence, facilitate dissemination of effective prevention and treatment practices, clarify the active ingredients in existing interventions, and contribute to developing interventions that are more efficient and effective. Subsequent sections of this paper expand on the two essential features of evidence-based kernels, as well as the origins of the idea and terminology.The ultimate goals of treatment and prevention research are a reduction of the prevalence of the most common and costly problems of behavior and an increase in the prevalence of wellbeing. Current thinking about how to accomplish this assumes that we will identify empirically supported programs and, to a lesser extent, policies, and will disseminate them widely and effectively. Although substantial progress is occurring through this strategy, there are at least four limitations to it that point to the value of kernels as a complementary strategy.First, it is difficult to implement a program's efficacy widely with fidelity or effectiveness. Ringwalt et al. (2003) surveyed a sample of 1,795 school staff members who were i...

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Section: Kernel Definition Derivation and Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based Kernels: Fundamental Units of Behavioral Influence

Embry¹,

Biglan

2008

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

336

270

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It would be beneficial to investigate ethnicity, and MRM instead of race, as this would allow individuals to self-describe their ethnic background (Solomos & Collins, 2010). This would also allow for detecting ethnic differences if any were present (Connelly et al, 2016;Kashima & Gelfand, 2012) and contribute to ensuring that ethnic groups are sufficiently represented within research (Owusu-Bempah & Howitt, 2000;Redwood & Gill, 2013). Notably, the review was open to primary studies from Wales; however, none were found.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult male rape myths in England since 1994: A systemic mixed methods review.

Kambashi,

Rechdan,

Noon

et al. 2023

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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Adult male rape, defined as a man sexually assaulting another man, became legally recognized by English law through the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act (1994). However, the rate of reporting male rape in England remains low compared to female rape and other nonsexual intimate partner violence. Scholars suggest that the low reporting rate could be partly attributed to the persistence of male rape myths (MRM) in society. For this reason, this article reviews the literature on MRM in England and Wales since 1994. This period is significant as it marks the time when erroneous beliefs began to be recognized as myths. Using a mixed-methods approach within a systematic review framework, we identified, evaluated, and synthesized empirical evidence from 11 studies to address our research question. The thematic synthesis of these studies revealed the persistence of certain MRM in England, often tied to stereotypical gender roles and endorsement of homophobic beliefs. However, the review identified limitations, such as the type of rape the studies focused on and their limited applicability, given that most employed student samples. Future research should explore perceptions of male rape using qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches with professionals, male survivors, and community samples. Additionally, future research should challenge the acceptance of MRM and raise awareness of male rape in England.

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“…Coloniality has shaped the core principles, theories, and methods in psychology. Critical thinkers who were responsible for the creation of modern psychology played a key role in implicitly offering philosophical and evidence-based research to argue the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race (Bhatia, 2002; Kessi, 2017; Owusu-Bempah & Howitt, 2000). Although it has been widely publicized, it bears repetition that American psychology produces research findings about psychological functions based on 5% of the world’s people on behalf of all the rest (Arendt, 2008).…”

Section: Western Psychology and The Global Southmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of Culture for the Psychological Sciences

Chaudhary

Misra

Bansal

et al. 2022

Review of General Psychology

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In this article, we examine the place of culture in the human sciences with specific reference to psychology and the cultural histories of India. Despite the depth of scholarly writing on the intimate and inextricable ties between culture and psychological processes, core advancements and definitive positions in psychology have remained elusive. The privileging of a single culturally specific world-view alongside the exclusion of others has seriously hindered the authentic internationalization of psychology. We propose that linkages between culture and psychology need to be visualized as a dialogue between different cultural traditions. In the dialectics between bheda–abheda (difference and non-difference), structural-developmental, dispositional-relational, and social-collective processes will be invoked to develop our arguments for a human-science approach to the study of persons in culture. We argue that it is through the inclusion, rather than suppression, of diverse ideologies that generalizability can be best achieved. This is a call for an audit and reconstruction of psychology and its practices as an international discipline with a roadmap for theory construction and research informed by a cultural psychological approach toward human phenomena.

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Self‐modelling and weight control

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Evidence-based Kernels: Fundamental Units of Behavioral Influence

Evidence-based Kernels: Fundamental Units of Behavioral Influence

Adult male rape myths in England since 1994: A systemic mixed methods review.

Making Sense of Culture for the Psychological Sciences

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