Efficient repetitive passive Q switching of a cladding-pumped Er -Yb fiber laser has been demonstrated by use of an external-cavity configuration containing a Co 21 : ZnS crystal as a saturable absorber. Energies of as much as 60 mJ in pulses of durations as short as 3.5 ns (FWHM), corresponding to a peak power of .10 kW, have been generated, and the maximum slope efficiency with respect to the absorbed pump power was 13%. Using a bulk diffraction grating in the Littrow configuration to provide wavelength-selective feedback, we tuned the passively Q-switched fiber laser over 31 nm from 1532 to 1563 nm. The prospects for further improvement in performance are discussed. © 2002 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2320, 140.3480, 140.3540, 140.3510, 140.3600. Over the past decade, progress in the development of efficient diode-pumped, pulsed solid-state lasers operating in the eye-safe wavelength regime near 1.5 mm has been dramatic, fueled by the needs of a variety of scientific, industrial, and defense applications. For some of these applications (e.g., range finding and remote sensing) the requirement for short pulses (a few nanoseconds) has led to the development of compact Er-Yb-doped glass microlasers with active or passive Q switching. By virtue of their very short cavity lengths (typically a few millimeters), these lasers can generate pulses of ,8-ns duration and .3-mJ energy.
1An alternative method for producing pulsed output in the 1.5-mm spectral range is to Q switch an Er -Yb-codoped fiber laser. This approach has the potential attraction that output powers should be scalable to much higher levels without degradation in beam quality by the use of a double-clad fiber design and cladding -pumping. To simplify the resonator design and eliminate the need for external Q-switching electronics, passive Q switching of single-clad Er-doped fiber lasers has also been attempted with a liquefying gallium mirror, 9 a semiconductor saturable absorber, 10 and a Co 21 :ZnSe crystal as the saturable absorber.11