Self-medication practices among adult population attending community pharmacies in Malaysia: an exploratory study

Shafie, Asrul Akmal; Al-Qazaz, Harith; Tambyappa, Jayabalan; Palaian, Subish; Hariraj, Vidhya

doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9539-5

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…About 65% of respondents thought that over-the-counter medicines are as effective as those prescribed by the doctor. The finding was approximate to that reported by Hassali et al [14] in Malaysia (62.7%). As for personal behavior if experienced adverse reactions with medicines, 60.4% and 26.5% of the participants said that they consult treating doctor and pharmacist respectively, this is in accordance with a study conducted in Danish population which revealed that 73% and 35.2% consulting doctor and pharmacist respectively if experienced adverse reactions [15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Self-Medication among Adults in Minia, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study

Ghazawy¹

2017

Health

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Self-medication may be associated with side effects and increases the chance of drug interactions and also affects the adherence to treatment and quality of life. This study aims at determining the pattern of self-medication, identifying knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices concerning the usage of the drugs and identifying demographic factors that could influence self-medication practices among the general population in El-Minia, Egypt. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 randomly selected adults using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a structured interview questionnaire. Respondents who had practiced some sort of self-medication during the past month were 73% of the sample. The commonest cause of self-medication, illness, was perceived as minor (59.7%). The most common perceived illness for self-medication was common cold (90.6%). Older respondents (>40 years) were about twice more likely to practice self-medication than younger ones. Similarly, professionals in their work were 3.4 times more likely to practice self-medication than unemployed individuals. Self-medication is a relatively frequent problem in Minia and interventions at different levels are required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Self-Medication among Adults in Minia, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study

Ghazawy¹

2017

Health

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“…15 Almost 6% had experience the experienced adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal disturbance like constipation, diarrhoea, distension analogous to the result obtained from study done in Mangalore. 16 The current study showed that more than half of the respondents (54%) had good knowledge on over-thecounter drugs similar to a study from Nigeria i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Knowledge and practice on over-the-counter drugs among adults of age group 20 and above residing in Chapapani-12, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal

et al. 2017

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Background: The incidence of usage of over-the-counter drugs is drastically increasing day by day. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to consumer without a prescription from health care personnel. In many countries, OTC drugs are selected by a regulatory agency to ensure that they are safe and effective when used without physician’s care. Taking OTC medicines still has risk. Some interact with other medicines, supplements, food and drinks and some causes problem for people with certain medical conditions.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional was conducted from 1st February - 15th August 2016 among 110 among adults of age group 20 and above residing in Chapapani-12, Pokhara. A pre-tested structured questionnaire were used and data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows version 18.0. Frequency, percentage, chi-square and correlation were performed. Results: Nearly 1/3rd of the respondents (33.6%) were of age group 20-29 years and more than half (60.9%) were female. More than half of the respondents (54%) had good knowledge and less than half (47%) had good practice of OTC. There was significant association of knowledge with age, marital status, education and monthly family income. There was significant association of practice with education of respondents. There was weak positive correlation between knowledge and practice (r =0.211).Conclusions: This showed that the knowledge hadn’t been fully practiced into action by the community people and still they are lacking the concept of over-the-counter drugs and its safe use in daily living.

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“…9,10 Better understanding of diseases and health, growth in information technology, number of available medications, and drug information have been identified as key factors contributing to increase in self-medication practices in the last decade. [11][12][13] Based on this, authors searched publications for the last 15 years i.e. between 1 st January 2000 and 31 st December 2015 from databases namely PubMed, and Web of Science.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the literature on survey questionnaires to assess self-medication practices

Limaye

Krause

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Self-medication is of great public health importance as it often bypasses regulatory mechanisms to assure quality of health care. Nevertheless there are no established standards on how to assess self-medication. We therefore intended to systematically retrieve questionnaires and survey tools used to capture self-medication, with the aim to identify the scope of information investigated in this context and commonalities between the tools. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on questionnaires used for self-medication assessment by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases using the combinations of following keywords; self-medication, self-prescription, non-prescription, questionnaire. Truncation was used to ensure retrieval of all possible variations of search terms. The search was limited to articles published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2015, human studies and English language. Duplicate and irrelevant studies were excluded from the final review. A total of 158 studies were included in the review. Studies were from diverse geographical locations, most of the studies were from Nigeria 16 (10.1%) followed by India 10 (6.3%) and Iran 8 (5%). Forty-three studies (27.2%) focused on antibiotic self-medication. Majority of the studies (106; 67%) were done with adult populations. The components addressed by the questionnaires covered: reasons for self-medications in 147 (93%) studies, purchasing source in 136 (86%) studies, medical conditions to be treated in 153 (96.8%) studies, adverse events in 67 (42.4%) studies, use of prescribing information in 24 (15.1%) studies and antibiotic resistance awareness in 20 (46.5%) antibiotic studies. For 74 (46.8%) studies, survey questionnaires were self-administered and most studies (57; 36%) were done at homes of respondents. Thirty-seven (23.4%) studies did not report any recall period for self-medication practices. Study response rates varied from 17.9% to 100%, and while validity of the study questionnaire was reported for 100 (63.3%) studies, 15 (9.5%) studies reported reliability test of the study questionnaire. There is a large variety of questionnaires being used for investigating self-medication practices making comparability and meta-analyses very difficult. It is desirable to have a basic set of standardized survey questions on this topic to make available for future research groups in this field.

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Self-medication practices among adult population attending community pharmacies in Malaysia: an exploratory study

Abstract: Self-medication practice is prevalent in Kuala Lumpur but some practice might be harmful. Education on appropriate use of self-medication need to be emphasized in order to ensure quality use of medicines.

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Self-Medication among Adults in Minia, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study

Self-Medication among Adults in Minia, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study

Knowledge and practice on over-the-counter drugs among adults of age group 20 and above residing in Chapapani-12, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal

A systematic review of the literature on survey questionnaires to assess self-medication practices

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