Self-medication or social learning? A comparison of models to predict early adolescent drinking

Tomlinson, Kristin L.; Brown, Sandra A.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.09.016

Cited by 67 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These types of positive expectancies are typically associated with escalated substance use over time (e.g., 29, 30) and may help explain the higher risk of problematic use among solitary users as they transition to young adulthood. The difference between solitary and social-only users in their positive expectancies is consistent with a few prior studies (e.g., 13, 14). suggesting that solitary drinkers may be prone to negative affect, and that their substance use may be motivated by a need to alleviate or cope with these feelings (i.e., a self-medication explanation; 31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Two studies of 8 th grade students found that solitary drinking is more common among depressed than non-depressed students with high alcohol expectancies (14), and that both solitary drinkers and marijuana users have stronger expectancies about the positive affect-regulating consequences of using these substances compared to social-only users (2). Solitary drinking among 12–18 year olds has been associated with drinking in situations involving negative emotions (e.g., feeling lonely), but not with situations involving positive emotions (e.g., feeling like celebrating something good that happened) (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Middle School: Comparing Solitary and Social-Only Users

Tucker

Pedersen

Miles

et al. 2014

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Objective Middle school students with a history of solitary substance use are at elevated risk for substance problems by young adulthood. Understanding how these students differ from social-only users on substance use behaviors and consequences, normative beliefs, social influences and attitudes can inform efforts to reduce solitary use and its related negative consequences. Method 6th–7th grade students completed an in-school survey. We compared those with a history of solitary vs. social-only alcohol use (n=202 and n=616, respectively) and marijuana use (n=92 and n=208, respectively) on a range of substance use-related characteristics. Results Any solitary use was reported by 25% of lifetime alcohol users and 31% of lifetime marijuana users. Those with a history of solitary use of either substance were more likely to hold positive expectancies about their use, but also reported more negative consequences during the past year. Solitary users tended to have greater exposure to substance using peers and more difficulty resisting offers to use. Compared to social-only drinkers, those with a history of solitary drinking perceived that more of their peers were alcohol users. Significant group differences were not found on negative outcome expectancies or attempts to cut down on substance use. Discussion Solitary use is an important, yet overlooked problem among middle school students who have just begun drinking or using marijuana. Results suggest that positive expectancies, peer influences, resistance self-efficacy, and normative beliefs may be important areas to target in reducing solitary use and the risk it poses for problematic use in young adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Middle School: Comparing Solitary and Social-Only Users

Tucker

Pedersen

Miles

et al. 2014

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Indeed, despite documented “protection” from early initiation or regular use (Tomlinson & Brown, 2012), extant work consistently demonstrates elevated risk for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) among adolescents with social anxiety disorder (e.g., Clark et al, 1995) or elevated social fears (Essau et al, 1999). Further, social anxiety is identified as the antecedent disorder in the majority of cases across both large-scale retrospective (Nelson et al, 2000) and prospective (Zimmerman & Schmeelk-Cone, 2003; Zimmerman et al, 2003) designs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social anxiety, disengagement coping, and alcohol-use behaviors among adolescents

Blumenthal

Ham

Cloutier

et al. 2015

Anxiety, Stress, & Coping

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Background and Objectives Although research indicates that social anxiety (SA) is associated with problematic drinking, few studies have examined these relations among adolescents, and all alcohol-related assessments have been retrospective. Socially anxious youth may be at risk to drink in an effort to manage negative affectivity, and a proclivity towards disengagement coping (e.g., avoidance of aversive stimuli) may enhance the desire to drink and learning of coping-related use. Design Adding to research addressing adolescent SA and alcohol use, the current study examined (1) proportional drinking motives (subscale scores divided by the sum of all subscales), (2) current desire to drink in a socially-relevant environment (introduction to research laboratory), and (3) the indirect effect of retrospectively-reported disengagement in social stress contexts on proportional coping motives and desire to drink. Method Participants were 70 community-recruited adolescents who reported recent alcohol use. Level of SA, disengagement coping, drinking motives, and desire to drink following laboratory introduction were assessed. Results Proclivity toward disengagement in prior socially-stressful contexts accounted for significant variance in the positive relations between SA and both proportional coping motives and current desire to drink. Conclusions These data complement existing work. Continued efforts in building developmentally-sensitive models of alcohol use are needed.

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“…Moreover, many of these studies are cross-sectional, limiting our ability to understand the potential predictive role of SP symptoms. Regarding support for SP symptoms as a protective factor, Tomlinson and Brown (2012) found that among a sample of eighth-grade students, SP symptoms were signifi cantly associated with less frequent drinking at parties. Similarly, Myers et al (2003) found that among a sample of high school students, those with higher SP symptoms were less likely to report substance use, including alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Adolescent Symptoms of Social Phobia Prospectively Predict Alcohol Use

Dahne

Banducci

Kurdziel

et al. 2014

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The current study examined whether social phobia (SP) symptoms in early adolescence prospectively predicted alcohol use through middle adolescence in a community sample of youth. Method: Data from an ongoing longitudinal study (N = 277) of mechanisms of HIV-related risk behaviors in youth were used to assess the extent to which SP symptoms in early adolescence (mean [SD] age = 11.00 years [0.81]) would predict alcohol use across fi ve annual assessment waves. Adolescents completed measures of SP symptoms, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use at each wave. Results: Higher SP symptoms at baseline predicted higher average odds of alcohol consumption during subsequent waves but did not signifi cantly predict an increase in the odds of alcohol use as a function of time. Within a lagged model, SP symptoms measured at a prior assessment point (1 year earlier) predicted greater odds of drinking alcohol at the following assessment point. Importantly, alcohol use did not signifi cantly predict SP symptoms over time. These results suggest that early SP symptoms are an important risk factor for increased odds of subsequent alcohol use. Conclusions: The present fi ndings highlight that elevated SP symptoms place adolescents at risk for early alcohol use. Early interventions targeting SP symptoms may be crucial for the prevention of problematic alcohol use in early to mid-adolescence. Implications for prevention and treatment approaches are discussed. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 929-936, 2014)

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Self-medication or social learning? A comparison of models to predict early adolescent drinking

Cited by 67 publications

References 56 publications

Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Middle School: Comparing Solitary and Social-Only Users

Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Middle School: Comparing Solitary and Social-Only Users

Social anxiety, disengagement coping, and alcohol-use behaviors among adolescents

Early Adolescent Symptoms of Social Phobia Prospectively Predict Alcohol Use

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