Self-Massage Techniques for the Management of Pain and Mobility With Application to Resistance Training: A Brief Review

Abstract

MacLennan, M, Ramirez-Campillo, R, and Byrne, PJ. Self-massage techniques for the management of pain and mobility with application to resistance training: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2314–2323, 2023—Fascial restrictions that occur in response to myofascial trigger points (MTrP), exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) cause soft tissue to lose extensibility, which contributes to abnormal muscle mechanics, reduced muscle length, and decrements in joint range of motion (ROM) and actively contributes to musculoskeletal pain. Resistance training and in particular, weightlifting movements have unique mobility requirements imperative for movement efficacy and safety with ROM restrictions resulting in ineffective volume and intensity tolerance and dampened force output and power, which may lead to a failed lift or injury. Self-massage (SM) provides an expedient method to promote movement efficiency and reduce injury risk by improving ROM, muscular function, and reducing pain and allows athletes to continue to train at their desired frequency with minimal disruption from MTrPs-associated adverse effects. Thus, the aim of this review was to determine the efficacy of various self-massage tools in managing pain and mobility and to explore the potential benefits of SM on resistance training performance. Many SM devices are available for athletes to manage ROM restrictions and pain, including differing densities of foam rollers, roller massagers, tennis balls, and vibrating devices. To attenuate adverse training effects, a 10-to-20-minute bout consisting of 2-minute bouts of SM on the affected area may be beneficial. When selecting a SM device, athletes should note that foam rollers appear to be more effective than roller massagers, with vibrating foam rollers eliciting an increased reduction to pain perception, and tennis balls and soft massage balls were shown to be efficacious in targeting smaller affected areas.

Physical Therapies for Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Protocol for an Umbrella and Mapping Systematic Review with Meta-Meta-Analysis

“…SRs of medically compromised individuals, or those evaluating complementary therapies (e.g., acupuncture, reflexology, herbal medicine, homeopathy), dietary supplements/nutritional interventions (e.g., amino acids, creatinine, beetroot, caffeine, curcumin, l-carnitine, omega-3 fatty acids, pomegranate, spirulina, vitamins C, E), or pharmacological interventions (e.g., cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors, nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) will also be excluded. Self-administered interventions (e.g., compression garments, foam rolling) will not be considered eligible [39,40]. SRs addressing children and adolescents will be excluded given distinct characteristics of inflammation and muscle remodelling processes in those populations [41].…”