Self-Lubricating Supramolecular Hydrogel for In-Depth Profile Control in Fractured Reservoirs

Abstract

In-depth profile control is a great challenge for high-efficiency oil displacement by water flooding. In this work, a shear-responsive self-lubricating hydrogel FPP-0.5, by combining the thixotropic FT (N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan) supramolecular network with high-strength PAM−PAANa (PAM: polyacrylamide, PAANa: sodium polyacrylate) polymer network, was synthesized and applied for in-depth profile control in water flooding. The disassembly of the FT supramolecular network induced by shear force, accompanied by the formation of a lubricating layer on the gel surface, gives FPP-0.5 gel self-lubricating function. Meanwhile, the PAM−PAANa polymer network, as a protective scaffold for the FT network, endows FPP-0.5 with high strength, making it difficult to be broken by water flow. Moreover, the shear responsiveness enables FPP-0.5 to adjust its own strength and self-lubricating performance according to the different stages of the profile control process, so as to realize dynamic profile control. From oil displacement results, in comparison to the PAM−PAANa gel, the plugging rate, water flooding volume sweep efficiency, and oil recovery of FPP-0.5 were improved by 83.1, 155.4, and 34.0%, respectively, up to 86.6, 83.5, and 71.3%, indicating its better in-depth profile control ability.

Bioinspired, Recyclable, Stretchable Hydrogel with Boundary Ultralubrication

“…Zwitterionic copolymer hydrogels have been prepared to achieve excellent lubrication behavior via strong hydration between positively and negatively charged groups and water. − A lipid is adopted into poly­(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) to reduce synthetic hydrogel friction . A second polymer component is introduced into polyacrylamide hydrogels, and lubricated hydrogels are obtained. − In addition, approaches to surface topography modification are adopted to reduce frictional stress. , …”

“…CoF of low-friction hydrogels. [2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine- co -sulfobetaine methacrylate gel, high-strength hydrogel-grafted-poly­(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl) dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide gel, multilamellar vesicle-hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/poly­(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gel, N -fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl- l -tryptophan-polyacrylamide-sodium polyacrylate gel, poly­(acrylic acid)-Fe/polyacrylamide gel, N -fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl- l -tryptophan-polyacrylamide/PVA gel, gemini poly­( N -isopropylacrylamide) gel, PVA gel, and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMPS) gel …”

“…Currently, a variety of approaches to preparing lubricated PVA hydrogels have been developed. A second 11 high-strength hydrogel-grafted-poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl) dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide gel, 14 multilamellar vesicle-hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gel, 15 N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan-polyacrylamide-sodium polyacrylate gel, 16 poly(acrylic acid)-Fe/polyacrylamide gel, 17 N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-tryptophan-polyacrylamide/PVA gel, 18 gemini poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel, 21 PVA gel, 22 component, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 26,27 hydroxyapatite, 28 and acrylamide, 29 is introduced into PVA hydrogels to tune the tribological behavior. PVP, a hydrophilic component, can increase the gel affinity for water, promote liquid film formation, and improve lubrication.…”

Dynamics of small molecules within the F127 PEO–PPO–PEO triblock copolymer gel and sol phases studied at the molecular scale

“…These materials can act as barriers between liquid or gaseous interfaces, and can adhere to compatible surfaces. Hydrogels have found applications in varied fields, such as oil exploration, 1–3 food and cosmetics industries, 4–6 and as specialized functional materials for drug delivery and in bioengineering. 6–11 For some applications, control of small-molecule mobility within the gel or to the surrounding environment is key to achieving the intended function of the material.…”

Thermally stable poly (acrylic acid‐acrylamide‐biomass‐fly ash) composites with improved temperature resistance and salt resistance

“…(2) The introduction of ring structure, rigid group, or large side group to improve the thermal stability of the polymer. 10 (3) Synthesis of amphoteric ionic polymer. 11 (4) Synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks.…”