Self-Inflicted Ocular Injuries in Children

Noël, Léon-Paul; Clarke, William N.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(82)90008-3

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In adults, similar acceleration-deceleration mechanisms in various circumstances, ranging from emergency aircraft ejection [74] to bungee jumping [17,21,31,58,59,109,118], have been reported to cause RH. Furthermore, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment have been reported in severely retarded children repeatedly beating their heads against walls or other hard objects [89]. Since the vitreous is tightly attached to the retina at the posterior pole and near the ora serrata, RH is often located in these regions, showing a pattern of relative equatorial sparing, thus further supporting the shearing theory [45,50].…”

Section: Pathophysiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury

2008

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Retinal and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages are an essential part of the various forms of inflicted neurotrauma in infants, especially in its most common variant, the shaken baby syndrome (SBS). Clinically, ophthalmologists play an important part for the diagnosis and further management of patients with SBS. For the forensic pathologist, a thorough understanding of the basic principles behind the morphological phenomena commonly encountered in the orbita is required. This review summarizes the present knowledge of ocular pathology in inflicted infantile neurotrauma, focusing strongly on SBS. Furthermore, a review of the most recent literature on the subject is given.

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Section: Pathophysiology and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury

2008

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“…37 Other groups who are reported to have an increased risk of self-inflicting eye injury include institutionalised groups, 21 such as prisoners, 2,11,30 and those living alone, unwed, or unemployed. 30 While the majority of cases of self-inflicted eye injuries occur in adults, it rarely can also occur in the pediatric group, 12,38,39 particularly in association with mental retardation syndromes such as Lesch-Nyhan 12,39 and Gilles de la Tourette. 25,40 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked condition characterised by choreo-athetoid movements, severe mental retardation, and self-mutilation.…”

Section: Biochemical Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-inflicting eye injuries have also been described in association with autism, 39 where head-banging is a frequent association. In any child with self-inflicted eye injury, physical, or emotional abuse should be considered.…”

Section: Biochemical Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical scratching and beating of the ocular surfaces causes subconjunctival haemorrhages and abrasions, but in severe cases the blunt trauma (particularly in the case of head banging) can also cause retinal and vitreal haemorrhages as well as retinal detachment. 39 Lens dislocation has also been reported due to self-inflicted blunt trauma. 57 While these injuries occur in patients with deliberate self-mutilating intention, they can also often be factitious, representing an intention of the patient either to gain emotional and/or financial gain (malingering).…”

Section: Injury To the Ocular Surface And Anterior Segmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,12,39 Furthermore, significant anterior ocular surface blunt trauma (form eye-rubbing/eye-beating/ head-banging) can produce significant posterior segment trauma, including vitreal and retinal haemorrhages and even retinal detachment. 2,9 These types of injuries frequently occur in severely disturbed children.…”

Section: Posterior Segment Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Self-inflicted eye injuries: a review

Patton

2004

Eye

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Purpose To review the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and management of selfinflicted eye injuries. Methods Review of the medical literature. Results Psychiatric theories of pathogenesis for self-inflicted behaviour include religious and sexual ideation, symbolism, guilt, and displacement. Biological theories include disorders of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and opiate neurotransmitters. Clinical characteristics of self-mutilators include acute or chronic psychoses, drug-induced psychoses, other psychiatric conditions, and certain organic states. The majority are young-to-early middle-aged male subjects, though it can also rarely occur in children. Management of selfinflicted eye injury requires close cooperation between ophthalmologists and psychiatrists as well as other medical specialists, to ensure quick resuscitation of the patient, prompt diagnosis and treatment of any injuries, and treatment of the underlying behaviour that led to the injuries. Conclusions Self-inflicted eye injuries are a rare but important group of ophthalmic conditions that require close cooperation between different medical specialties to ensure optimum care of the often severely disturbed patient.

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Assessing and Managing Medical Factors

Gourash

1986

Severe Behavior Disorders in the Mentally Retarded

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Self-Inflicted Ocular Injuries in Children

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury

Ocular pathology in shaken baby syndrome and other forms of infantile non-accidental head injury

Self-inflicted eye injuries: a review

Assessing and Managing Medical Factors

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