Self-Induced Divergence of Cw Laser Beams in Liquids— A New Nonlinear Effect in the Propagation of Light

Rieckhoff, K. E.

doi:10.1063/1.1754655

Cited by 42 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…5 In 1966 Reickhoff reported irradiance-dependent self-defocusing in liquids. 6 One year later Leite et al demonstrated an optical limiter that used thermal blooming in nitrobenzene and, along with a spatial filter, regulated the output power of a cw Ar laser to 30 mW. 7 In 1980 CS 2 was tested as a limiting medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical limiting with semiconductors

Stryland¹,

Wu²,

Hagan³

et al. 1988

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

197

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We present a detailed characterization of the output of passive semiconduct_?r-bB:se~ optical li~iters .. ~hese devices utilize two-photon absorption along with photogenerated carrier defocusmg withm the maten~l to hmit the output fluence and irradiance. In addition to protecting downstream optical co~ponents, the focusmg ~eometry combined with these nonlinearities makes the devices self-protecting. Such deviCes have a. broad workmg wa~e length range since both the initial two-photon absorption and the subsequent carrier refractiOn are s.lowly v~rymg funtions of wavelength. For example, ZnSe should have a useful range offrom 0.5 to 0.85 JLm.. In this matenal we have observed the onset of limiting at input powers as low as 80 W when using 10-nsec, 0.53 JLm mput pulses. At the same wavelength, when 30 psec pulses into a monolithic ZnSe limiter are used, limiting begins at ~30? Y'f or 1? nJ.We also monitored the output spatial energy distribution along with the temporal response ~t ea~h pos~twn, us~ng a 2-psec-resolution streak camera. We found that the output fluence along with the output ura~~ance Is e~fectlvely limited below detector damage thresholds over an input range of 4 orders of ~agnitude. Additlonal.ly,, smce b.oth two-photon absorption and the associated self-defo~using increase ~it~ ~ecreasmg band-gap energy, similar devices using narrow-gap semiconductors should have considerably lower hmitmg thresholds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical limiting with semiconductors

Stryland¹,

Wu²,

Hagan³

et al. 1988

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

197

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“…Так, характерной чертой тепло вой само(де)фокусировки осесимметричного лазер ного пучка в жидкостях является вертикальный ас тигматизм прошедшего пучка, растущий с интенсив ностью излучения и связанный с конвекцией при сильном лазерном нагреве [76][77][78]. Тепловые нели нейные линзы в элементах резонаторов непрерыв ных и импульсных лазеров могут оказывать сущест венное влияние на модовую структуру [7,75] и ди намику генерации лазера [65], а также проявляются в тонкой структуре спектра излучения [83,95]. Теп ловые линзы наряду с нелинейными линзами в жид ких кристаллах при ориентации директора [35] яв ляются одним из наиболее простых и ярких демонст раций эффекта нелинейной линзы [64].…”

Section: "тонкиеunclassified

“…2. Приближенный расчет фокусного расстояния нелинейной линзы F HJI через поперечный размер ' и стрелку прогиба вол нового фронта ных непрерывных газовых лазеров [64][65][66].…”

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Nonlinear lenses and their applications

Al'tshuler¹,

Inochkin²

1993

Usp. Fiz. Nauk

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“…The earliest experiments employing the thermal lens effect were conducted within the laser resonating cavity [22,24,25]; however, the difficulty in conducting these kinds of intracavity experiments quickly led to the development of extracavity experiments [26]. Initially, intracavity and extracavity experiments employed a single laser for thermal lens generation and signal quantification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal lens microscopy as a detector in microdevices

et al. 2014

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The small length scales that make microfluidics attractive are also the source of some very stringent constraints, especially with respect to the detection approach used. The low concentrations often analyzed in microfluidic devices require highly sensitive detection methods that are effective even in vanishingly small sample volumes. Over the years, many detection approaches have been developed for microfluidics. The majority of these methods rely upon optical phenomena, with the most common being fluorescence detection. Fluorescence detection is well suited to microfluidics because it is both flexible and sensitive; however, it does have shortcomings. Weak fluorescence of targets, autofluorescence of materials, and photobleaching are a few of the issues that have to be dealt with when working with fluorescence detection. Another option that eliminates all of these problems is thermal lens microscopy (TLM), a photothermal spectroscopy technique. TLM is a flexible, sensitive detection approach for nonfluorescent molecules that is capable of carrying out single-molecule detection to label-free in vivo quantification. Despite the potential benefits of TLM, it is still an underutilized detection approach. We hope this review will help broaden the use of TLM for microchip-based CE, as well as a host of other microfluidic applications.

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Self-Induced Divergence of Cw Laser Beams in Liquids— A New Nonlinear Effect in the Propagation of Light

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Optical limiting with semiconductors

Optical limiting with semiconductors

Nonlinear lenses and their applications

Thermal lens microscopy as a detector in microdevices

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