Self-images play a causal role in social phobia

Hirsch, Colette R.; Clark, David M.; Mathews, Andrew; Williams, Ruth

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00103-1

Cited by 228 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

149

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is noteworthy that results from the current investigation differ somewhat from results reported by Hirsch et al (2003), where manipulated negative selfimagery was reported to play a causal role in both significant increases in anxiety and observer-rated decreases in performance among socially-phobic adults. One obvious explanation for these different sets of findings includes the fact that Hirsch and colleagues manipulated self-imagery among a sample of socially-phobic adults who may have been more susceptible to the effects of negative self-images (both in terms of anxiety and performance) based both on the duration and severity of their psychopathology.…”

Section: Correlational Analysescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Even if negative self-imagery does occur within actual social settings, it is not clear whether these cognitive events may act as amplifiers of pre-existing heightened levels of anxiety or as causal factors that increase anxiety and decrease performance. One recent study has attempted to elucidate the nature of this relationship based on the use of manipulated self-imagery among socially-phobic adults (Hirsch et al, 2003). However, this approach appears to be potentially problematic based on this groups' high level of susceptibility to increased negative attention and the possibility of poor social-performance.…”

Section: Negative Self-imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, in order to ensure emotional salience, adolescents in the self-imagery group were asked to focus on a recent real-life situation in which they were embarrassed, messed up, felt foolish, or made a mistake in front of others. Although it is not clear whether focusing on a hypothetical negative social situation might produce dissimilar results, it is the personal meaning of negative self-imagery (i.e., not imagery itself) that is purported to be salient in maintaining social phobia over time (see Hirsch et al, 2003).…”

Section: Correlational Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does negative self-imagery play a causal role in social phobia among adolescents?

Alfano¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current study was designed to examine whether negative self-imagery is a significant factor in the development of social phobia among adolescents. Although some adult models of social phobia posit that negative self-imagery serves to increase anxiety and decrease performance within social contexts, few studies have directly examined this relationship and no study has examined self-imagery among sociallyphobic adolescents. For the current study, negative self-imagery was manipulated among a group of non-anxious adolescents (IMAG) during two social tasks. Levels of anxiety, specific thoughts, expected and self-rated performance, and observer-rated performance and social skill were compared to both socially-phobic and control adolescents. Results revealed few differences in terms of observer-rated performance and specific social skill between the IMAG and control groups of adolescents, although the socially-phobic group was consistently rated to exhibit poorer performances and decreased social skill. The IMAG group reported marginally significant increases in their anxiety levels during both social tasks. Interestingly, these adolescents reported similar (increased) rates of anxiety during an additional social interaction task where they were instructed to use positive self-imagery. The IMAG group also reported decreases in performance compared to the control group. This finding appears to be explained primarily based on the adolescents' belief that they were unable to hide their anxiety rather than a decrease in social skill (such as reported by socially-phobic youth). Further, the IMAG group reported an overall fewer number of cognitions than both groups during the social interaction task, potentially indicating a significant decrease in cognitive resources based on the use of self-imagery. Overall findings from this investigation do not support the hypothesis that negative self-imagery plays a causal role in the development of social phobia among adolescents. Rather, results indicate that an excessive self-focus within social contexts, together with normal developmental increases in self-consciousness during the adolescent years, may pose a specific risk for development of the syndrome. These findings provide a developmental understanding of the factors involved in the onset of social phobia, as well as those symptoms that may be germane to the maintenance of the disorder over time.

show abstract

Section: Correlational Analysescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Negative Self-imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlational Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does negative self-imagery play a causal role in social phobia among adolescents?

Alfano¹

2004

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therapists may also incorporate video or phone communication at these critical points in the treatment. Additional ways to enhance exposures within an ICBT modality could involve the use of video feedback and helping patients learn new ways to appraise social situations (Clark, 2005;Hirsch, Clark, Mathews, & Williams, 2003).…”

Section: Increasing Therapist Support To Patients During Internet-basmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths and Limitations of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

Woods

Stults

Terry

et al. 2017

PCSP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This commentary discusses the strengths and limitations of internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatments (ICBT) for anxiety disorders, as highlighted by the case studies described in Ciuca, Berger, and Miclea (2017), and in Schulz, Vincent, and Berger (2017). In comparing the course of treatment for patients with contrasting clinical outcomes, the authors offer insights into the many benefits and challenges of ICBT. Suggestions for improving ICBT interventions for anxiety disorders, implications for implementation and dissemination, and ethical considerations are discussed.

show abstract

“…These observer-perspective images also occur during ongoing social situations and are negative in nature (Hackman, Surawy, & Clark, 1998). In one study, when individuals with social phobia held their usual negative self-image in mind during a conversation, they were rated as more anxious and as engaging in less positive behaviors by a blind observer than when they held a less negative self-image in mind (Hirsch, Clark, Mathews, & Williams, 2003). These negative self- images images seem to be linked to memories of criticism, bullying, and other adverse social events from earlier in life (Hackmann, Clark, & McManus, 2000).…”

Section: Contribution Of the Current Case Study To Understanding Clarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Case Of Vumile: Breathing Life Into a Manual and Model

Turk

2006

Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vumile represents an individual with social phobia who experienced a successful outcome after being treated with a manualized treatment based on Clark and Wells' (1995) theoretical model (Edwards & Kannan, 2006). This commentary reviews issues in the debate regarding manualized treatments, with an emphasis on how the case of Vumile represents the best of what manualized treatments and empirically based approaches to clinical practice have to offer. Additionally, the fit of the case of Vumile with Clark and Wells' (1995) theoretical model is considered.Key words: social phobia; manualized treatment; evidence based practice; randomized control trials (RCTs) ______________________________________________________________________ A large body of research supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatments for social phobia (see Rowa & Antony, 2005 for a recent review). Clark's (1997) version of cognitive behavioral treatment for social phobia has yielded large effect sizes and appears promising Stangier, Heidenreich, Peitz, Lauterbach, & Clark, 2003). Clark's (1997) protocol includes cognitive restructuring and exposure elements like most efficacious treatments for social phobia. However, his treatment also emphasizes procedures derived from his theoretical work and basic research such as identification of safety behaviors, shifting focus of attention away from the self (to the social situation), behavioral experiments in which safety behaviors are dropped, and video feedback on social performance. Edwards and Kannan (2006) present an application of Clark's (1997) manualized treatment for social phobia to the case of Vumile. This commentary will tie elements of Vumile's case into issues involving manualized treatments and theoretical models of social phobia.

show abstract

Self-images play a causal role in social phobia

Cited by 228 publications

References 15 publications

Does negative self-imagery play a causal role in social phobia among adolescents?

Does negative self-imagery play a causal role in social phobia among adolescents?

Strengths and Limitations of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

The Case Of Vumile: Breathing Life Into a Manual and Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About