Self-Identity Among Chinese Gay Men on social media: Real Challenges in A Virtual World

Abstract

This literature review synthesizes research on the experiences of Chinese gay men in online spaces. Social media provides opportunities for marginalized sexuality exploration and selective disclosure, allowing connection with hidden peers despite conservative cultural norms. However, substantial identity tensions persist between liberatory potential online and enduring offline constraints like family pressures, stigma, and censorship. Key themes examined include online identity construction under cultural influences, sequencing from anonymous to identifiable disclosure, struggles for empowering representation, and risks around involuntary outing that temper mental health benefits of online support. While virtual platforms expand Expression, full integration with real-world contexts remains challenging. Enduring harassment and victimization, amplified by state suppression of LGBTQ+ content, exacerbate psychological distress. Studies emphasize the need for aligned technological, cultural, and legal advances to translate online safe havens into greater wellbeing for this vulnerable population. Overall, this review highlights the complex interplay of opportunities and threats as Chinese gay men navigate old and new media to develop holistic identities between familial duties and sexual desires, social constraints and hopes for greater openness. Progress requires addressing biases and stigma pervading both online and offline spheres.