Self-healing thermoset using encapsulated epoxy-amine healing chemistry

Jin, Haiming; Mangun, Christian L.; Stradley, Dylan S.; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Sottos, Nancy R.; White, Scott R.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.12.005

Cited by 315 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Previously some secondary hardeners for epoxy, like latent curing agent [24], polymercaptan [16], and cationic catalyst [17,18], have been adopted to realize the homogeneous healing in epoxy. Recently, the widely used amine and amine derivative hardeners were also encapsulated by various methods, including reverse emulsion method [25], solvent evaporation method [26], and loading by synthesized hollow poly(ureaformaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules [27,28]. However, the polymeric shell would be corroded by the highly corrosive amine during their service life and would be downgraded by the thermal treatment during manufacturing of the material and their application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-healing epoxy via epoxy–amine chemistry in dual hollow glass bubbles

Zhang

Wang

Yang

2014

Composites Science and Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-healing epoxy via epoxy–amine chemistry in dual hollow glass bubbles

Zhang

Wang

Yang

2014

Composites Science and Technology

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“…The catalyst was infiltrated into the mercaptanloaded PMF capsules, to produce microcapsules containing both mercaptan and its amine catalyst. Later, a new method to encapsulate amine hardeners was introduced [26]. In this method diethylenetriamine was infiltrated into hollow PUF microcapsules using vacuum process.…”

Section: Polymer Capsules As Self-healing Agent Containers 21 Prepamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10, No.6 (2016) 506-524 Later, a two component epoxy self-healing system based on epoxy-amine healing chemistry was developed [26]. Both epoxy encapsulated capsules (produced by in situ polymerization) and amine encapsulated capsules (produced by the vacuum infiltration) in optimal ratio were incorporated into epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Polymer Capsules In Epoxy Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Containers’ for self-healing epoxy composites and coating: Trends and advances

Vijayan¹,

Al-Maadeed²

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.The introduction of self-healing functionality into epoxy matrix is an important and challenging topic. Various micro/nano containers loaded self-healing agents are developed and incorporated into epoxy matrix to impart self-healing ability. The current report reviews the major findings in the area of self-healing epoxy composites and coatings with special emphasis on these containers. The preparation and use of polymer micro/nano capsules, polymer fibers, hollow glass fibers/bubbles, inorganic nanotubes, inorganic meso-and nano-porous materials, carbon nanotubes etc. as self-healing containers are outlined. The nature of the container and its response to the external stimulations greatly influence the self-healing performance. The self-healing mechanism associated with each type of container and the role of container parameters on self-healing performance of self-healing epoxy systems are reviewed. Comparison of the efficiency offered by different types of containers is introduced. Finally, the selection of containers to develop cost effective and green self-healing systems are mentioned.

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“…Typically, externally induced damage in a composite is "healed" by mixing and curing the resin and hardener, released from the fractured microcapsules embedded in the composite. Formation of microcapsules by a wide variety of polymers and nanomaterials as shell and/or core materials have been reported in recent studies [1][2][3][4][5]. In two-component self-healing systems, such as thermoset (resin/hardener) or thermoplastic (monomer/initiator) systems, both components may be placed in the same capsules or in separate capsules of appropriate sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcapsules of poly(methyl metharcylate) containing epoxy resin and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

İçduygu

Asiltürk

Altan

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Microcapsules of poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA] containing epoxy and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were formed by solution evaporation in an aqueous emulsion. Thin PMMA shells precipitated at the resin/water interface as the solvent was removed, thus encapsulating the dispersion of epoxy and nanotubes. Dichloromethane (DCM) was selected as the common solvent for both resin and PMMA, and slowly evaporated from the aqueous mixture agitated at 40ºC. After trying various epoxy/PMMA ratios, a 1:1 w/w epoxy/PMMA ratio yielded stable, individual microcapsules with smooth PMMA shells. Four different mixing speeds (300, 500, 800, and 1000 rpm) and four carbon nanotube contents (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 w/w %) were used during the encapsulation process. Microcapsules with 10 to 55 m average diameter were obtained by increasing the mixing speed from 300 to 1000 rpm. Increasing the mixing speed yielded a decrease in average particle size, whereas carbon nanotube presence led to a broader capsule size distribution at any given mixing speed. In addition, roughness of the microcapsule surface increased with increasing carbon nanotube content and mixing speed. SEM images of microcapsules showed that microcapsules with various types of core-shell morphology were formed during the encapsulation process.

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Self-healing thermoset using encapsulated epoxy-amine healing chemistry

Cited by 315 publications

References 22 publications

Self-healing epoxy via epoxy–amine chemistry in dual hollow glass bubbles

Self-healing epoxy via epoxy–amine chemistry in dual hollow glass bubbles

‘Containers’ for self-healing epoxy composites and coating: Trends and advances

Microcapsules of poly(methyl metharcylate) containing epoxy resin and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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