Self-healing epoxy nanocomposites via reversible hydrogen bonding

Guadagno, Liberata; Vertuccio, Luigi; Naddeo, Carlo; Calabrese, Elisa; Barra, Giuseppina; Raimondo, Marialuigia; Sorrentino, Andrea; Binder, Wolfgang H.; Michael, Philipp; Rana, Sravendra

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.082

Cited by 113 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Unlike the H‐bond cross‐linking motifs discussed above, the cross‐linking of polymeric materials can also be achieved by directly designing H‐bonded polymer networks . For the design of this class of cross‐linked polymeric materials, it is critical to inhibit the crystallization of the polymer.…”

Section: Design Of H‐bond Cross‐linked Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Polymeric Materials through Hydrogen‐Bond Cross‐Linking

2019

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to traditional metallic and ceramic materials. [1] Therefore, it has been desirable to create high-performance polymeric materials that are mechanically robust, thermostable, and even healable for meeting practical applications in industry. The creation of cross-linked polymers has been regarded as one promising approach for creating strong and thermally stable polymers. [3][4][5] Cross-linked polymers normally exhibit superior mechanical and thermostable performances to their uncrosslinked counterparts. [6][7][8][9][10] Traditionally, a chemically covalent approach has been the primary means for realizing the cross-linking of polymeric materials. As compared with the parent polymer, cross-linked polymers normally gain enhanced mechanical strength and thermal stability. [6][7][8][9][10][11] This strategy, however, gives rise to significantly reduced extensibility because of the exclusive molecular mechanism between strength, extensibility, and toughness. [12][13][14][15] By contrast, noncovalent cross-linking can lead to increased mechanical strength without sacrificing the extensibility and toughness of polymeric materials. Such cross-linking can be realized by adopting strong noncovalent interactions including Coulombic interactions, [11] dipoledipole interactions, [12] metal coordination, [13] and hydrogenbonding (H-bonding) interactions. [5,16] To date, H-bonding is among the most extensively employed noncovalent interactions for the creation of cross-linked polymeric materials with tunable microstructure and tailor-made performances because of its directionality, versatility, and reversibility. In 1997, Meijer and co-workers [17] pioneered the synthesis of the first reversible cross-linked polymer by reacting a trifunctional copolymer of hydroxyl-terminated poly(propylene oxide) with diisocyanate and then 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (UPy) units capable of forming quadruple H-bonds. The final poly mer shows a relatively high plateau modulus because such H-bond cross-links can serve as entanglements in a linear polymer. Following the synthesis of some uncross-linked polymeric materials containing UPy motifs, [17][18][19] Meijer's group has further synthesized many cross-linked polymeric materials based on UPy motifs. [20][21][22] On the other hand, in many natural biological materials, such as silk [23][24][25][26] and muscle, [27] multiple H-bonding interactions have recently been revealed to play a critical part in realizing a unique combination of high strength, great It has always been critical to develop high-performance polymeric materials with exceptional mechanical strength and toughness, thermal stability, and even healable properties for meeting performance requirements in industry. Conventional chemical cross-linking leads to enhanced mechanical strength and thermostability at the expense of extensibility due to mutually exclusive mechanisms. Such major challenges have recently been addressed by using noncovalent cross-linking of reversible multiple hydrogen-bonds (H-bonds) that widely exist in biological...

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Section: Design Of H‐bond Cross‐linked Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Polymeric Materials through Hydrogen‐Bond Cross‐Linking

2019

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“…The panels also highlighted enhanced flame resistance properties. Furthermore, due to hydrogen reversible bonding interactions, a significant decrease in the fatigue crack growth rate by approximately 80 % was found [11][12][13]. This last result suggests that this strategy can be used to impart the self-healing function to the resin impregnating CFRPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Its chemical stability allows to use aromatic primary amines (such as the DDS, which is used as a common hardener in aeronautical resins) without undergoing deactivation [6]. Concerning the second approach, relevant recent achievements, in the field of supramolecular chemistry and hybrid material formulations, can provide an effective strategy for developing new self-healing composites, able to manifest multiple auto repair mechanisms [13][14]; also restoring other functionalities. Thus, a large variety of SH-systems have been prepared, which auto-repairing function at a different time and length-scales [15], and crosslinked [16] or even blend-systems, which allow the mixed-composition of different polymeric systems [17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of aeronautical epoxy nanocomposites having an integrated selfhealing ability

et al. 2018

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Functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been embedded in a rubber-toughened epoxy formulation in order to explore the possibility to impart an auto-repair function to the epoxy matrix. The nanofiller has been covalently functionalized with hydrogen bonding moieties able to act as donor and acceptor of hydrogen bondings. Healing efficiencies have been evaluated for nano charged epoxy formulations at a loading of 0.5% wt/wt of functionalized MWCNTs bearing barbituric acid and thymine-based ligands. For both the performed functionalizations, a self-healing efficiency higher than 50% has been found. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) highlights that the inclusion of nanofiller increases the storage moduli. Furthermore, DMA analysis evidences the presence of a phase characterized by a greater mobility of the epoxy chains, which promotes the activation of self-healing mechanisms.

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“…In recent years, as significant efforts have been emphasized on the exploitation of novel polymers with 4,5 enhanced functionality, including biodegradability, semiconductivity, [6][7][8] electrical conductivity and self-healing capacity, the usage of organic polymers has been developed rapidly, in which cross-linked polymers, such as epoxy resin and phenolic resin, have strong mechanical properties but relatively fragile leading to irreparable fracture or breakage under a certain amount of external force during processing and employing, so that applications of this kind of polymers are often 9,10 subjected to limitation. In view of that self-healing can effectively extend the life of materials, realize recycling and reusing, and reduce a string of security issues and environmental problems invited by material [11][12][13][14][15] failure, the research on self-healing polymers is of great significance. The self-healing polymers can be divided into two categories, according to the different preparation methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing Polymer Composites Based on Hydrogen Bond Reinforced with Graphene Oxide

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Su³

et al. 2019

ES Mater.Manuf.

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A self-healing supramolecular polymer composite (LP-GO) is designed and prepared via incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) to hyperbranched polymer by hydrogen-bonding interactions. The polymer matrix based on amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer is synthesized by dimer acid and diethylene triamine, while GO is prepared by the modified Hummers method. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric testing (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is applied to characterize GO. Stressstrain test is utilized to characterize the obtained self-healing property of LP-GO. It is found that just a small amount of GO (up to 3 wt %) is needed to achieve a dramatic improvement in the mechanical properties, and self-healing efficiency of the polymer composites. After healing at o 60 C for 1 h, the addition of GO even restores the self-healing efficiency to 100% of its original tensile strength. In striking contrast to conventional cross-linked or thermoreversible rubbers made of macromolecules, these systems, when being broken or cut, can be simply healed by contacting fractured areas again to self-heal at suitable temperature. Building on the unique self-healing properties, the simplicity of synthesis and the availability from renewable resources, etc., LP-GO bodes well for broader applications in the near future.

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Self-healing epoxy nanocomposites via reversible hydrogen bonding

Cited by 113 publications

References 78 publications

High‐Performance Polymeric Materials through Hydrogen‐Bond Cross‐Linking

High‐Performance Polymeric Materials through Hydrogen‐Bond Cross‐Linking

Development of aeronautical epoxy nanocomposites having an integrated selfhealing ability

Self-Healing Polymer Composites Based on Hydrogen Bond Reinforced with Graphene Oxide

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