Self-Expanding Hemostatic Polymer for Control of Exsanguinating Extremity Bleeding

Abstract

SEHP is a novel, light, and portable material to control EEI effectively. It does not require another person for compression nor does it compromise the circulation. As EEI occurs with alarming frequency in the battlefield, SEHP may not only present an optimal hemostatic method for military applications but also be useful in the civilian prehospital setting.

Hemostatic Efficacy of Local “Chitosan Linear Polymer” Granule in an Experimental Sheep Model with Severe Bleeding of Arteria and Vena Femoralis

“…It is presently believed that the method described may be more efficient than that used in the present study, as more diffuse and stable pressure could be transferred to the bleeding site. [8,15] Few studies concerning hemostatic effect of chitosan have been reported. Hamid et al [21] conducted a study with Persian Gulf Chitosan (PGC) in a carotid puncture hole sheep model, and the results suggested that PGC was safe and effective means of achieving hemostasis.…”

“…[2,3,7,[18][19][20] While many local hemostatic agents have been tested, no clear consensus exists regarding optimal hemorrhage control strategy for external bleeding. [1,4,8,9,[13][14][15][16][17]20,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] However, Pusateri and Grissom [10,19] outlined ideal qualities of hemostatic agents for prehospital and battlefield use.…”

“…[1,6,7] The need for hemostatic agents is greater in the event of large-scale disaster such as terrorist attack, bombing, or devastating earthquake, though in such austere conditions, proper hemostasis of all those wounded is often impossible to achieve. [1][2][3][4][5][8][9][10][11][14][15][16]18,20] The aim of the present study was to test the hemostatic effect of chitosan linear polymer and compression, compared with standard gauze dressing and compression in an experimental young sheep model with severe bleeding of femoral artery and vein. The hypothesis was that chitosan linear polymer would stop the bleeding more quickly and effectively than the standard treatment.…”

“…Rapid hemostasis is essential as a strategy, not only for initial survival, but also for optimal recovery. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] A recent review of autopsies of 982 combat deaths from Iraq and Afghanistan revealed that nearly 24% could have been prevented with effective treatment. Of those potentially preventable deaths, 85% occurred as a result of hemorrhage, 1/3 of which were compressible, 2/3 of which were not, em-…”

Novel Haemostatic Dressings

“…On packing into a wound it controls bleeding by expanding to exert a pressure on the wound surface and by absorbing the "aqueous phase" of blood, concentrating clotting factors locally [36]. SEHP appears to absorb water in a non-exothermic reaction.…”