Self-estimates of intelligence––methodological approaches and gender differences

Holling, Heinz; Preckel, Franzis

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.05.003

Cited by 42 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, different studies have demonstrated that self-estimated intelligence and psychometric intelligence are positively related. The association is of small to medium strength when subjects rate their abilities before taking an ability test (e.g., Ackerman and Wolman 2007;Borkenau and Liebler 1993;Furnham and Rawles 1999;Holling and Preckel 2005;Mabe and West 1982). This indicates that self-perceived intelligence is to a substantial degree a valid indicator of measured intelligence and therefore might account for gender differences in intelligence self-estimates.…”

Section: Explaining Gender Differences In Intelligence Estimates By Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Explains Boys’ Stronger Confidence in their Intelligence?

Steinmayr

Spinath

2009

Sex Roles

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This study investigated whether boys' stronger confidence in their intelligence is explained by gender differences in measured intelligence and gender-stereotypical parental perceptions of their children's intelligence. Verbal, numeric, figural, and reasoning intelligence and corresponding self-ratings were assessed for 496 German 11th and 12th graders (284 girls; age: M=16.95). Parents also rated their children's intelligence (339 parents; 205 mothers; age: M=46.66). With and without controlling for intelligence, boys rated their numerical, figural, and reasoning abilities higher than girls. The same pattern appeared in parental intelligence perceptions. Boys even judged themselves as more intelligent controlling for both measured intelligence and parental intelligence estimates. Thus, neither intelligence nor gender-stereotypical parental perceptions totally explains boys' stronger confidence in their intelligence.

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Section: Explaining Gender Differences In Intelligence Estimates By Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Explains Boys’ Stronger Confidence in their Intelligence?

Steinmayr

Spinath

2009

Sex Roles

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“…Empirically, the relationship between self-estimated cognitive abilities and psychometric test scores has been reported to be only weak to moderate. But despite such apparently rather discouraging findings, Holling and Preckel (2005) have argued that people are actually "more successful in estimating their general ability than the correlation between self-estimated and tested intelligence suggests" (p. 503). In an empirical study, Holling and Preckel reported a correlation of .46 (based on a sample of 88 participants) between self-estimates of intelligence and scores on an omnibus intelligence test (Intelligenzstrukturtest; IST 70; the IST 70 is a test constructed on the grounds of Thurstone's, 1938, theory of seven primary mental abilities; the IST 70 and its successor, the IST 2000-R, are among the most commonly applied omnibus intelligence tests in Germany).…”

Section: Self-estimated Versus Psychometrically Measured Cognitive Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

How smart do you think you are? A meta-analysis on the validity of self-estimates of cognitive ability.

Freund¹,

Kasten²

2012

Psychological Bulletin

220

151

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Individuals' perceptions of their own level of cognitive ability are expressed through self-estimates. They play an important role in a person's self-concept because they facilitate an understanding of how one's own abilities relate to those of others. People evaluate their own and other persons' abilities all the time, but self-estimates are also used in formal settings, such as, for instance, career counseling. We examine the relationship between self-estimated and psychometrically measured cognitive ability by conducting a random-effects, multilevel meta-analysis including a total of 154 effect sizes reported in 41 published studies. Moderator variables are specified in a mixed-effects model both at the level of the individual effect size and at the study level. The overall relationship is estimated at r ϭ .33. There is significant heterogeneity at both levels (i.e., the true effect sizes vary within and between studies), and the results of the moderator analysis show that the validity of self-estimates is especially enhanced when relative scales with clearly specified comparison groups are used and when numerical ability is assessed rather than general cognitive ability. The assessment of less frequently considered dimensions of cognitive ability (e.g., reasoning speed) significantly decreases the magnitude of the relationship. From a theoretical perspective, Festinger's (1954) theory of social comparison and Lecky's (1945) theory of selfconsistency receive empirical support. For practitioners, the assessment of self-estimates appears to provide diagnostic information about a person's self-concept that goes beyond a simple "test-and-tell" approach. This information is potentially relevant for career counselors, personnel recruiters, and teachers.

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“…Batey et al, 2009;Chamorro-Premuzic, Moutafi, & Furnham, 2005;Furnham & Fong, 2000;Furnham & Mottabu, 2004;Holling & Preckel, 2005;Reilly & Mulhern, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batey et al, 2009;Chamorro-Premuzic, Moutafi, & Furnham, 2005;Furnham & Mottabu, 2004;Holling & Preckel, 2005). To our knowledge this research is the first experimental design in SEI that focuses on assessing gender differences in self-estimated intelligence using ability tests, repeated measurement as well as investigating the role of task confidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender, task success probability estimation and scores as predictors of the domain-masculine intelligence type (DMIQ)

Storek

Furnham

2016

Learning and Individual Differences

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This paper reports two experimental studies aimed at understanding correlates of self-estimated intelligence. In both studies participants twice estimated their mathematical and spacial intelligence (called Domain Masculine Intelligence Type: DMIQ) on a normal distribution. They also completed a number of short numerical and logical ability tests after which they estimated their performance at a similar, more difficult task. Males gave higher estimates than females and did better on the tests. Their estimates of their DMIQ reduced on the second occasion after testing. Gender, task score and estimated performance were all significant predictors of both DMIQ scores. Task confidence was the best predictor of DMIQ1 and DMIQ2, over and above gender and test score, explaining 17% and 23% of variance respectively. Results are discussed in terms of the expanding literature on self-estimated intelligence 2

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Self-estimates of intelligence––methodological approaches and gender differences

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

What Explains Boys’ Stronger Confidence in their Intelligence?

What Explains Boys’ Stronger Confidence in their Intelligence?

How smart do you think you are? A meta-analysis on the validity of self-estimates of cognitive ability.

The role of gender, task success probability estimation and scores as predictors of the domain-masculine intelligence type (DMIQ)

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